Estableciendo un nuevo flujo de trabajo en el estudio de la distribución de la reducción en núcleos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.7257Palabras clave:
Cores; Weibull Distribution; Reduction Intensity; Volumetric Reconstruction Method; Scar Density Index; Non-Cortical Surface; Lithic TechnologyResumen
La proliferación de enfoques orientados al estudio de la vida de uso o reducción de los útiles líticos en las últimas décadas ha permitido profundizar en aspectos del comportamiento humano más allá de la propia estructura tecnológica, relacionados con la dinámica de ocupación y la gestión económica de los recursos líticos. No obstante, estudios previos en este campo han mostrado una mayor capacidad inferencial de las distribuciones de la intensidad de reducción de los conjuntos sobre valores promediados. En este sentido, el análisis de supervivencia y, más concretamente, las distribuciones Weibull, son una de las principales herramientas inferenciales utilizadas en los estudios de intensidad de reducción. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no se ha comprobado experimentalmente la resolución de las curvas Weibull obtenidas a partir de diferentes métodos.
En este trabajo, presentamos una evaluación del potencial inferencial de algunos de los principales métodos utilizados en el estudio de la intensidad de reducción en núcleos, como el Volumetric Reconstruction Method, el Scar Density Index y el porcentaje de superficie no cortical. Por primera vez, esta exploración se ha llevado a cabo desde una doble perspectiva: comparando la resolución de las curvas de distribución de Weibull obtenidas por cada método y estudiando la variabilidad intra-conjunto de la reducción a nivel individual mediante análisis multivariantes que combinan los diferentes índices de reducción.
Los materiales utilizados en este trabajo son los mismos núcleos experimentales realizados en trabajos previos (Lombao et al. 2020). El conjunto experimental está compuesto por 64 cantos fluviales recogidos de las terrazas del río Arlanzón (Burgos, España) y en cuyo experimento han participado cuatro talladores diferentes siguiendo cuatro estrategias de talla diferentes: unipolar unifacial, multipolar bifacial centrípeto, multipolar multifacial y bifaces.
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una fuerte correlación positiva entre estos enfoques y la intensidad de reducción real. Además, se encontraron distribuciones Weibull similares para el porcentaje de superficie no cortical y el Volumetric Reconstruction Method. Sin embargo, en el caso del Scar Density Index, para obtener distribuciones similares a las distribuciones reales, ha sido necesario en primer lugar la transformación logarítmica del Scar Density Index y la normalización min-max de los datos. Los resultados también indican una variación intra-conjunto similar y un alto porcentaje de concordancia entre las diferentes aproximaciones empleadas. Todo ello indica que todas las propuestas aquí evaluadas son métodos útiles y estadísticamente fiables para estimar el grado de reducción en núcleos.
Además, para evaluar la sensibilidad de las curvas de distribución de Weibull, hemos submuestreado aleatoriamente el conjunto experimental a intervalos de cada 10%, lo que nos ha permitido observar la evolución de los parámetros Shape y Scale de las distribuciones Weibull tanto de los datos reales como de los distintos índices a medida que se transforma el conjunto.
Los resultados muestran que no hay grandes variaciones en los valores de Shape y Scale de los datos reales de reducción a medida que disminuye el porcentaje de núcleos en el conjunto. Sin embargo, los métodos responden de forma diferente a estos cambios en el conjunto experimental. Así el porcentaje de superficie no cortical y el Volumetric Reconstruction Method permanecen estables a lo largo de las simulaciones. Sin embargo, la normalización min-max de la transformación logarítmica del Scar Density Index muestra mayores oscilaciones en el caso del valor Shape, mientras que el valor Scale es más estable.
Finalmente, se propone un flujo de trabajo para abordar el estudio de la intensidad de reducción en conjuntos arqueológicos integrando diferentes métodos en un mismo estudio. Además, el uso del Análisis de Componentes Principales para combinar índices proporciona una nueva visión de la variabilidad interna de los conjuntos, permitiendo una evaluación más precisa del grado de reducción de cada núcleo.
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Dibble, H.L. 1995, Middle Paleolithic scraper reduction: background, clarification, and review of the evidence to date. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2: 299-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229003
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Lombao, D., Rabuñal, J. R., Cueva-Temprana, A., Mosquera, M., & Morales, J. I. (2023). Estableciendo un nuevo flujo de trabajo en el estudio de la distribución de la reducción en núcleos. Journal of Lithic Studies, 10(2), 25 p. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.7257
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