Establishing a new workflow in the study of core reduction intensity and distribution
Keywords:
Cores; Weibull Distribution; Reduction Intensity; Volumetric Reconstruction Method; Scar Density Index; Non-Cortical Surface; Lithic Technology
Abstract
New methodological approaches focused on studying the reduction and use-life of stone tools have emerged in recent years, enabling researchers to move beyond strict technical and technological characterizations and explore specific aspects of occupation dynamics and economic management of resources. Previous studies have shown the importance of reduction distributions of individual measurements rather than averaged values. In this sense, survival analysis, and more specifically Weibull distributions, are one of the main inferential tools used in reduction studies. However, the resolution of Weibull distribution obtained from different methods has not been tested experimentally. In this paper, we present an evaluation of some of the main methods used in the study of core reduction intensity, such as the Volumetric Reconstruction Method, the Scar Density Index, and the non-cortical surface percentage. Our results show 1) strong and positive correlations between these approaches and actual reduction intensity, 2) similar Weibull distributions for non-cortical surface percentage, Volumetric Reconstruction Method, and logarithmic transformation of Scar Density Index. In addition, 3) the results from each method show a similar intra-assemblage variation, with a high percentage of agreement between them.
As a result, all the evaluated proposals are useful and reliable methods for estimating the degree of reduction. Finally, a workflow is proposed for approaching reduction in archaeological assemblages by integrating different methods in the same study.
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Dibble, H.L. 1995, Middle Paleolithic scraper reduction: background, clarification, and review of the evidence to date. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2: 299-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229003
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Dorner, W.W. 1999, Using Microsoft Excel for Weibull Analysis. Quality Digest, 19: 33-41.
Douglass, M.J., Lin, S.C., Braun, D.R. & Plummer, T.W. 2018, Core Use-Life Distributions in Lithic Assemblages as a Means for Reconstructing Behavioral Patterns. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 25(1): 254-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-017-9334-22
Eren, M.I., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Kuhn, S.L., Adler, D.S., Le, I. & Bar-Yosef, O. 2005, Defining and measuring reduction in unifacial stone tools. Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(8): 1190-1201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.003
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Eren, M.I. & Sampson, C.G. 2009, Kuhn’s Geometric Index of Unifacial Stone Tool Reduction (GIUR): does it measure missing flake mass?. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(6): 1243-1247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.01.011
García-Medrano, P., Ollé, A., Ashton, N. & Roberts, M.B. 2018, The Mental Template in Handaxe Manufacture: New Insights into Acheulean Lithic Technological Behavior at Boxgrove, Sussex, UK. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 26 (1): 396-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S10816-018-9376-0
Glauberman, P., Gasparyan, B., Wilkinson, K., Frahm, E., Nahapetyan, S., Arakelyan, D., Raczynski-Henk, Y., Haydosyan, H. & Adler, D.S. 2020, Late Middle Paleolithic Technological Organization and Behavior at the Open-Air Site of Barozh 12 (Armenia). Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 3: 1095-1148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41982-020-00071-4
Groucutt, H.S., Scerri, E.M.L., Amor, K., Shipton, C., Jennings, R.P., Parton, A., Clark-Balzan, L., Alsharekh, A. & Petraglia, M.D. 2017, Middle Palaeolithic raw material procurement and early stage reduction at Jubbah, Saudi Arabia. Archaeological Research in Asia, 9(3): 44-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2017.01.003
Groucutt, H.S., Shipton, C., Alsharekh, A., Jennings, R., Scerri, E.M.L. & Petraglia, M.D. 2015, Late Pleistocene lakeshore settlement in northern Arabia: Middle Palaeolithic technology from Jebel Katefeh, Jubbah. Quaternary International, 382(7): 215-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.001
Hartigan, J.A. & Wong, M.A. 1979, Algorithm AS 136: A K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Applied Statistics, 28(1): 100-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2346830
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Published
21-Dec-2023
How to Cite
Lombao, D., Rabuñal, J. R., Cueva-Temprana, A., Mosquera, M., & Morales, J. I. (2023). Establishing a new workflow in the study of core reduction intensity and distribution. Journal of Lithic Studies, 10(2), 25 p. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.7257
Section
Research Articles
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