Prospectando rochas fluviais e artefatos do Paleolítico Médio Africano descobertos ao longo do Rio Cunene, fronteira entre Angola e Namíbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i3.1645Palavras-chave:
Paleolítico Médio Africano, Quartzito, Áreas de Fonte LíticaResumo
Vestígios líticos do Paleolítico Médio Africano (PMA) preservados em corredores ribeirinhos como o perene Rio Cunene atesta a presença de atividades pré-históricas ao longo da atual divisa entre Angola e Namíbia. Próximo à Serra Cafema, mais de 30 vestígios líticos preservados em um contexto a céu aberto (plein-air) incluem lascas de quartzito, núcleos e pontas com alguma abrasão e polimento nos gumes, incluindo as primeiras pontas Levallois encontradas nesta região da África. Uma vez que a arqueologia desta região é pobremente conhecida, estas coleções culturais permitem correlações iniciais e fornecem uma base para reconstrução da proveniência, da procura e da produção de artefatos durante o PMA. Para avaliar as potenciais áreas-fonte de matéria-prima nesta região, métodos de contagem de seixos e avaliações composicionais foram conduzidos nos vestígios e no aluvião Quaternário (Qal) do terraço do rio. A fonte primária em potencial mais próxima de quartzito está em afloramentos rochosos localizados dentro de 2 km de distância do sítio, mas áreas-fonte confirmadas não foram identificadas especificamente. Uma hipótese emergente é que o Qal no terraço do Rio Cunene era uma fonte preferida para coleta de quartzito enquanto matéria prima pelos grupos móveis de caçadores-coletores durante o PMA após 225 mil anos atrás.
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