The Guinardera quarry (Sant Martí de Tous, Barcelona): A new chert exploitation location during historical times
Keywords:
Sant Martí de Tous; chert; quarry; La Guinardera; gunflint preforms
Abstract
In 2014, an anthropic accumulation of chert material was discovered in La Guinardera area, at the southwest of the Sant Martí de Tous town (Barcelona, NE Iberian Peninsula). In 2018 a first archaeological intervention was carried out in two locations: La Guinardera and La Guinardera Nord. After the fieldworks, these two accumulations were interpreted as chert workshops. These workshops are in the St. Genís Formation, included within La Noguera lacustrine system and dated to the Priabonian age (upper Eocene). The St. Martí de Tous area presents shallow lacustrine conditions typical of sabkha environments, in which layers of gypsums and sandy lutites are interspersed with tabular red sandstone levels, yielding different varieties of chert.
The Guinardera chert is characterized by a fairly homogeneous matrix, presenting a fine texture, with a microcrystalline and spherulitic length-slow chalcedony matrix, and a combination of grey colours, in general of dark hues, with an opaque diaphaneity but translucent at the edges.
The archaeological assemblage from La Guinardera Nord site allows us to identify a chert workshop for the production of gunflints. The heterogeneity of the assemblage at La Guinardera site precludes assigning it to any single chrono-cultural period or function.
The technological characterization of La Guinardera Nord site reveals distinctive attributes of a gunflint workshop that can be differentiated from prehistoric workshops. The presence of square and thick preforms, oxide traces on butts and ventral faces, marked bulbs and thick platforms, together with fresh edges on flakes and blades and the near-absence of patinated materials, corroborate it.
The presence of these two deposits within the above-mentioned formation shows us a repeated landscape exploitation pattern for raw material extraction, since references chert use range from the Middle Palaeolithic (e.g., Abric Romaní) to historical times (e.g., La Guinardera Nord).
References
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Ciarlo, N.-C., Charlin, J., Alberti, J., Buscaglia, S., Vivar Lombarte, G., Geli Mauri, R. 2019, Size and shape analysis of gunflints from the British shipwreck Deltebre I (1813), Catalonia, Spain: A geometric morphometric comparison of unused and used artefacts. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11: 6569-6582. doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00925-1
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Gómez de Soler, B. 2016, Procedencia del aprovisionamiento lítico durante el Paleolítico medio en el yacimiento del Abric Romaní (Capellades, España). Niveles M, Oa y P. Ph.D. Thesis at the Department of History and Art History, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 387 p. (in Spanish) (“Provenance of the lithic supply during the Middle Palaeolithic at the Abric Romaní site (Capellades, Spain). Levels M, Oa and P”)
Gómez de Soler, B., Chacón, M.-G., Bargalló, A., Romagnoli, F., Soto, M., Vallverdú, J. & Vaquero, M. 2019, Mobilité territoriale pendant le Paléolithique moyen en contextes Discoïdes et Levallois. Exemple du site de l’Abric Romaní (Barcelone, Espagne): niveau M et sous-niveau Oa. In: La conquête de la montagne: des premières occupations humaines à l’anthropisation du milieu. Proceedings of the 142ª Congrès National des Sociétés Historiques et Scientifiques (Deschamps, M., Costamagno, S., Milcent, P.-Y., Pétillon, J.-M., Renard C. & Valdeyron, N., Eds.), Éditions du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifique, Paris: p. 1-29. (in French) (“Territorial mobility during the Middle Palaeolithic in Discoid and Levallois contexts. Example of the Abric Romaní site (Barcelona, Spain): level M and sub-level Oa”) doi:10.4000/books.cths.6212.
Gómez de Soler, B., Soto, M., Vallverdú, J., Vaquero, M., Bargalló, A., Chacón, M.-G., Romagnoli, F. & Carbonell, E. 2020a, Neanderthal lithic procurement and mobility patterns through a multi-level study in the Abric Romaní site (Capellades, Spain). Quaternary Science Reviews, 237: 106315. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106315
Gómez de Soler, B., Soto, M., Vallverdú, J.1,2, Bargalló A., Chacón, M. G., Romagnoli, F., Vaquero, M. 2020b, The Panadella chert (Montmaneu Formation): A high-quality raw material in the Abric Romaní sequence (NE Iberian Peninsula). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12: 252. doi:10.1007/s12520-020-01198-9
Laplace, G. 1972, La typologie analytique et structurale: Base rationnelle d'étude des industries lithiques et osseuses. Banques de données archéologiques. Colloques nationaux du CNRS, 932: 91-143. (in French) (“Analytical and structural typology: A rational basis for the study of lithic and bone industries”)
Laplace, G. & Méroc, L. 1954, Application des coordonées cartésiennes à la fuille d’un gisement. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française, 51(1-2): 56-66. (in French) (“Application of Cartesian coordinates to the excavation of a site.”) doi:10.3406/bspf.1954.12427
Lotbeniere, Seymour de. 1984, Gunflint recognition. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 13: 206-209. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1984.tb01191.x
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Published
15-Dec-2021
How to Cite
Gómez de Soler, B., Soares-Remiseiro, M., Arteaga-Brieba, A., Borràs, G., Cámara, J., Campeny, G., Chacón, M. G., Fernández-Marchena, J. L., Guinart, V., López, G., Mas, B., Soto, M., Suesta, A., Shkarinska, K., Ramírez-Pedraza, I., Val-Peón, C., & Vallverdú, J. (2021). The Guinardera quarry (Sant Martí de Tous, Barcelona): A new chert exploitation location during historical times. Journal of Lithic Studies, 8(2), 24 p. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.6546
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