Quartzite pebble technology in the final Middle Pleistocene of the Ribeira da Ponte da Pedra site (High Ribatejo, Central Portugal)
Keywords:
Middle Pleistocene; lithic technology; raw materials; quartzite pebbles; edge modifications; Experimental archaeology; Ribeira da Ponte da Pedra
Abstract
The lithic assemblage of Ribeira da Ponte da Pedra site (OIS8-9) was produced, almost exclusively, through the exploitation of good quality quartzite fluvial pebbles with a regular morphology. Quartzite fluvial pebbles are the most common raw material found in the Middle Pleistocene occupation sites in Portugal. Such feature results from the easy availability of these pebbles in the valleys where the great majority of the archaeological sites within this chronology are located, and also because of the quartzite’s physical properties and suitability for knapping.
In a techno-typological point of view, its lithic assemblage is characterized by the application of two main reduction sequences that result in abundant worked pebbles, retouched pebbles, cortical and semi-cortical flakes, retouched flakes, a few cores and rare bifacial artefacts. Some artefacts present irregular and variable edge modifications described as ‘atypical’ edge modifications that could edge damage resultant from their utilization. From a strictly technical point of view the assemblage can be described as quite simple, however we can envisage an inherent complexity starting in an accurate selection and exploitation of the quartzite pebbles, whose regular morphology allows a ‘predetermined’ production of regular blanks through simple actions.
In order to better understand patterns of raw material selection and technical schemes adopted in the exploitation of the quartzite pebbles we compared a sample of pebbles collected in the same deposits identified in the site (t4 fluvial terrace deposits) with worked pebbles that have 1 or 2 removals that had not altered significantly the original morpho-volumetry of the pebbles. The goal of this comparison was to verify if there was a selection of the fluvial pebbles based on texture and morpho-volumetry and if so, relate such selection with the technical schemes identified by technological study of the assemblage.
References
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Marks, A.E., Monigal, K., & Chabai, V. 1999, Report on the initial excavations of Brecha das Lascas and Galeria Pesada (Almonda, Portuguese Estremadura). Journal of Iberian Archaeology, 1: 237-250.
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Martins, A.A., Cunha, P.P., Huot, S., Murray, A., & Buylaert, J. 2009, Geomorphological correlation of the tectonically displaced Tejo river terraces (Gavião-Chamusca area, Portugal) supported by luminescence dating. Quaternary International, 199: 75-91. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.01.009
Martins, A.A., Cunha, P.P., Rosina, P., Oosterbeek, L., Cura, S., Grimaldi, S., Gomes, J., Buylaert, J.P., Murray, A.S., & Matos, J. 2010, Geoarcheology of Pleistocene open-air sites in the Vila Nova da Barquinha - Santa Cita area (lower Tejo river basin, central Portugal). Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 121: 128-140. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.01.005
Meireles, J., & Cunha-ribeiro, J.P. 1992, Matérias-primas e indústrias líticas do Paleolítico Inferior português: representatividade e significado. Cadernos de Arqueologia, 2: 31-41. (in Portuguese) (“Raw materials and lithic industries of the Lower Palaeolithic in Portugal: representation and meaning”)
Meireles, J. 1992, As indústrias líticas do litoral minhoto. Contexto cronoestratigráfico e paleoambiental. Cadernos de Arqueologia, Monografias 7. Universidade do Minho, Braga, 763 p. (in Portuguese) (“The lithic industries of the Minho litoral. Chrono-stratigraphic and paleo-environmental context”)
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Mozzi, P., Azevedo, T., Nunes, E., & Raposo, L. 2000, Middle terrace deposits of the Tagusriver in Alpiarça, Portugal, in relation to early human occupation. Quaternary Research, 54: 359-371. doi:10.1006/qres.2000.2154
Moncel, M-H., Lombrera Hermida, A., & Deniaux 2009, Quartz et Quartzite dans les niveauxd’occupation OIS7 et 5 du site de Payre (Sud-est, France): fonction spécifique et complémentaire? In: Technological Analysis on Quartzite Exploitation, Proceedings of the XVI Word Congress of IUPPS, Vol. 10 (Grimaldi S., & Cura S., Eds.), BAR International Series Vol. 2657, Archeopress, Oxford: p. 13-23.
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Published
15-Mar-2017
How to Cite
Cura, S., Grimaldi, S., Cura, P., & Rosina, P. (2017). Quartzite pebble technology in the final Middle Pleistocene of the Ribeira da Ponte da Pedra site (High Ribatejo, Central Portugal). Journal of Lithic Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i1.2516
Issue
Section
Session "Beyond the reduction sequence: new insights in lithic technology"
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