Neolithic and Chalcolithic stone tools used in ceramics production: Examples from the south of Romania
Keywords:
ceramics, stone tools, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Lower Danube, Romania
Abstract
This paper focuses on Neolithic and Chalcolithic stone tools found at the Măgura ‘Buduiasca’ and Vităneşti ‘Măgurice’ sites in southern Romania, which might been involved in the chaîne opératoire of ceramic pottery production. To better understand how ceramic objects were made during this period, it is important to know what tools were available. Representative artefacts were selected from the sites and have here been grouped based on their possible involvement in various stages of pottery production: a) quarrying of the raw claystone (picks); b) processing the raw materials (mortars and pestles); and c) surface finishing (smoothers, burnishers, polishers). The surface of the tools was examined by non-destructive methods (handheld loupe, stereomicroscope) with the aim of further determining their function and whether they were likely used in the ceramics industry.
This study provides examples of specific Neolithic and Chalcolithic stone tool types and illustrates characteristics useful for identifying their use. It also shows the possible chaîne opératoire of pottery produced during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic in the area of southern Romania.
It is considered that most of these tools categories, and likely most of the individual tools themselves, had multiple uses, or similar uses with different materials in different industries. It is therefore difficult to determine with much certainty whether they were only used within the ceramics industry.
References
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Andreescu, R.R., Mirea, P., Torcică, I., Pompilia, Z. & Dumitru, M. 2008a, Raport asupra sapaturilor arheologice de la Măgura - Buduiasca - Boldul lui Moș Ivănuș. In: Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România. Campania 2007, CIMEC - Institutul de Memorie Culturală, Bucharest: p. 195-198. (in Romanian) (“Report on the archaeological excavations at Măgura - Buduiasca - Boldul lui Moș Ivănuș”) URL: http://cronica.cimec.ro/detail.asp?k=3923
Andreescu, R.R., Moldoveanu, K., Olariu, C., Bălășescu, A., Radu, V., Haită, C., Mirea, P., Torcică, I., Zaharia, P. & Dumitru, M. 2008b, Raport asupra sapaturilor arheologice de la Vitănești - Măgurice. In: Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România. Campania 2007, CIMEC - Institutul de Memorie Culturală, Bucharest: p. 327-328. (in Romanian) (“Report on the archaeological excavations at Vitănești - Măgurice”) URL: http://cronica.cimec.ro/detaliu.asp?k=3800
Bassetti, M. & Zamboni, S. 1997, The unpolished lithic industry of Isera La Torretta (TN). Preistoria Alpina, 33: 97-99.
Crandell, O.N. 2013, The provenance of Neolithic and Chalcolithic stone tools from sites in Teleorman county, Romania. Buletinul Muzeului Judeţean Teleorman, Seria Arheologie, 5: 1-19. URL: http://www.muzeulteleorman.ro/files/03_BMJT5_Crandell.pdf
Crandell, O.N., Ionescu, C. & Hoeck, V. 2012, Macroscopic and microscopic aspects of polishing ceramic pots using water worn pebbles. In: 39th International Symposium on Archaeometry: Programme and Abstracts (Braekmans, D., Honings, J. & Degryse, P., Eds.), Centre for Archaeological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven: p. 344.
Dal Sasso, G., Maritan, L., Salvatori, S., Mazzoli, C. & Artioli, G. 2014, Discriminating pottery production by image analysis: a case study of Mesolithic and Neolithic pottery from Al Khiday (Khartoum, Sudan). Journal of Archaeological Science, 46: 125-143. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.004
Domingo, I., García-Borja, P. & Roldán, C. 2012, Identification, processing and use of red pigments (hematite and cinnabar) in the Valencian Early Neolithic (Spain). Archaeometry, 54(5): 868-892. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00650.x
Hamon, C. 2008a, From Neolithic to Chalcolithic in the Southern Caucasus: Economy and Macrolithic Implements from Shulaveri-Shomu Sites of Kwemo-Kartli (Georgia). Paléorient, 34(2): 85-135. doi:10.3406/paleo.2008.5258
Hamon, C. 2008b, Functional analysis of stone grinding and polishing tools from the earliest Neolithic of north-western Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(6): 1502-1520. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.10.017
Ionescu, C., Hoeck, V., Crandell, O.N. & Šarić, K. 2015, Burnishing Versus Smoothing in Ceramic Surface Finishing: A SEM Study. Archaeometry, 57(1): 18-26. doi:10.1111/arcm.12089
Ionescu, C., Hoeck, V. & Simon, V. 2012, The “Black Ceramics of Marginea” (Romania): A modern analogue of ancient ceramics? Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract series, 7: 65.
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Published
15-Sep-2016
How to Cite
Crandell, O., Ionescu, C., & Mirea, P. (2016). Neolithic and Chalcolithic stone tools used in ceramics production: Examples from the south of Romania. Journal of Lithic Studies, 3(1), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i1.1134
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