Trace amine receptor in GtoPdb v.2025.3

Abstract

Trace amine-associated receptors were discovered from a search for novel 5-HT receptors [9], where 15 mammalian orthologues were identified and divided into two families. The TA₁ receptor (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Trace amine receptor [59]) has affinity for the endogenous trace amines tyramine, β-phenylethylamine and octopamine in addition to the classical amine dopamine [9]. Emerging evidence suggests that TA₁ is a modulator of monoaminergic activity in the brain [95] with TA₁ and dopamine D₂ receptors shown to form constitutive heterodimers when co-expressed [30]. In addition to trace amines, receptors can be activated by amphetamine-like psychostimulants, and endogenous thyronamines.