Formylpeptide receptors in GtoPdb v.2025.3

Abstract

The human formylpeptide receptor subfamily of GPCRs (FPR: nomenclature described in [169, 227] [1, 2]) comprises three members (FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3). Two of these, FPR1 and FPR2, recognize peptides bearing N-terminal formyl-Met from invading bacteria [104] or mitochondria. These peptides function as danger signals in innate immunity. FPR1 and FPR2 are promiscuous and also recognize several non-formylated peptides, proteins, lipids and small molecules [169, 227, 104] of which some are able to initiate signals (balanced or biased) that mediate pro-inflammatory and/or inflammation resolving effects [136, 161]. In contrast, FPR3 remains less well-characterized in part due to the absence of selective ligands which has significantly impeded progress in its functional characterization [46, 173].