IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE
https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F4/2023.1

Adrenoceptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1



Jillian G. Baker1, Poornima Balaji2, Richard A. Bond3, David B. Bylund4, Douglas C. Eikenburg5, Robert M. Graham2, J. Paul Hieble6, Rebecca Hills7, Martin C. Michel8, Kenneth P. Minneman9, Sergio Parra3, Dianne Perez10 and Roger Summers11
  1. University of Nottingham, UK
  2. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Australia
  3. University of Houston, USA
  4. University of Nebraska, USA
  5. University of Houston College of Pharmacy, USA
  6. GlaxoSmithKline, USA
  7. University of Edinburgh, UK
  8. Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
  9. Emory University, USA
  10. Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, USA
  11. Monash University, Australia


Abstract

The nomenclature of the Adrenoceptors has been agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adrenoceptors [64, 194].

Adrenoceptors, α1
The three α1-adrenoceptor subtypes α1A, α1B and α1D are activated by the endogenous agonists (-)-adrenaline and (-)-noradrenaline. -(-)phenylephrine, methoxamine and cirazoline are agonists and prazosin and doxazosin antagonists considered selective for α1- relative to α2-adrenoceptors. [3H]prazosin and [125I]HEAT (BE2254) are relatively selective radioligands. S(+)-niguldipine also has high affinity for L-type Ca2+ channels. Fluorescent derivatives of prazosin (Bodipy FLprazosin- QAPB) are used to examine cellular localisation of α1-adrenoceptors. α1-Adrenoceptor agonists are used as nasal decongestants; antagonists to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (alfuzosin, doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin and silodosin, with the last two compounds being α1A-adrenoceptor selective and claiming to relax bladder neck tone with less hypotension); and to a lesser extent hypertension (doxazosin, terazosin). The α1- and β2-adrenoceptor antagonist carvedilol is used to treat congestive heart failure, although the contribution of α1-adrenoceptor blockade to the therapeutic effect is unclear. Several anti-depressants and anti-psychotic drugs are α1-adrenoceptor antagonists contributing to side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.

Adrenoceptors, α2
The three α2-adrenoceptor subtypes α2A, α2B and α2C are activated by (-)-adrenaline and with lower potency by (-)-noradrenaline. brimonidine and talipexole are agonists and rauwolscine and yohimbine antagonists selective for α2- relative to α1-adrenoceptors. [3H]rauwolscine, [3H]brimonidine and [3H]RX821002 are relatively selective radioligands. There are species variations in the pharmacology of the α2A-adrenoceptor. Multiple mutations of α2-adrenoceptors have been described, some associated with alterations in function. Presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors regulate many functions in the nervous system. The α2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine, guanabenz and brimonidine affect central baroreflex control (hypotension and bradycardia), induce hypnotic effects and analgesia, and modulate seizure activity and platelet aggregation. clonidine is an anti-hypertensive (relatively little used) and counteracts opioid withdrawal. dexmedetomidine (also xylazine) is increasingly used as a sedative and analgesic in human [33] and veterinary medicine and has sympatholytic and anxiolytic properties. The α2-adrenoceptor antagonist mirtazapine is used as an anti-depressant. The α2B subtype appears to be involved in neurotransmission in the spinal cord and α2C in regulating catecholamine release from adrenal chromaffin cells. Although subtype-selective antagonists have been developed, none are used clinically and they remain experimental tools.

Adrenoceptors, β
The three β-adrenoceptor subtypes β1, β2 and β3 are activated by the endogenous agonists (-)-adrenaline and (-)-noradrenaline. Isoprenaline is selective for β-adrenoceptors relative to α1- and α2-adrenoceptors, while propranolol (pKi 8.2-9.2) and cyanopindolol (pKi 10.0-11.0) are relatively selective antagonists for β1- and β2- relative to β3-adrenoceptors. (-)-noradrenaline, xamoterol and (-)-Ro 363 show selectivity for β1- relative to β2-adrenoceptors. Pharmacological differences exist between human and mouse β3-adrenoceptors, and the 'rodent selective' agonists BRL 37344 and CL316243 have low efficacy at the human β3-adrenoceptor whereas CGP 12177 (low potency) and L 755507 activate human β3-adrenoceptors [88]. β3-Adrenoceptors are resistant to blockade by propranolol, but can be blocked by high concentrations of bupranolol. SR59230A has reasonably high affinity at β3-adrenoceptors, but does not discriminate between the three β- subtypes [332] whereas L-748337 is more selective. [125I]-cyanopindolol, [125I]-hydroxy benzylpindolol and [3H]-alprenolol are high affinity radioligands that label β1- and β2- adrenoceptors and β3-adrenoceptors can be labelled with higher concentrations (nM) of [125I]-cyanopindolol together with β1- and β2-adrenoceptor antagonists. Fluorescent ligands such as BODIPY-TMR-CGP12177 can be used to track β-adrenoceptors at the cellular level [8]. Somewhat selective β1-adrenoceptor agonists (denopamine, dobutamine) are used short term to treat cardiogenic shock but, chronically, reduce survival. β1-Adrenoceptor-preferring antagonists are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias (atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol) and cardiac failure (metoprolol, nebivolol) but also in combination with other treatments to treat hypertension (atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol and nebivolol) [528]. Cardiac failure is also treated with carvedilol that blocks β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, as well as α1-adrenoceptors. Short (salbutamol, terbutaline) and long (formoterol, salmeterol) acting β2-adrenoceptor-selective agonists are powerful bronchodilators used to treat respiratory disorders. Many first generation β-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol) block both β1- and β2-adrenoceptors and there are no β2-adrenoceptor-selective antagonists used therapeutically. The β3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron is used to control overactive bladder syndrome. There is evidence to suggest that β-adrenoceptor antagonists can reduce metastasis in certain types of cancer [197].

Contents

This is a citation summary for Adrenoceptors in the Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb). It exists purely as an adjunct to the database to facilitate the recognition of citations to and from the database by citation analyzers. Readers will almost certainly want to visit the relevant sections of the database which are given here under database links.

GtoPdb is an expert-driven guide to pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. GtoPdb is a reference work which is most usefully represented as an on-line database. As in any publication this work should be appropriately cited, and the papers it cites should also be recognized. This document provides a citation for the relevant parts of the database, and also provides a reference list for the research cited by those parts. For further details see [58].

Please note that the database version for the citations given in GtoPdb are to the most recent preceding version in which the family or its subfamilies and targets were substantially changed. The links below are to the current version. If you need to consult the cited version, rather than the most recent version, please contact the GtoPdb curators.

Database links

Adrenoceptors
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=4
Introduction to Adrenoceptors
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=4
    Receptors
            α1A-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=22
            α1B-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=23
            α1D-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=24
            α2A-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=25
            α2B-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=26
            α2C-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=27
            β1-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=28
            β2-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=29
            β3-adrenoceptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=30

References

  1. Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdullah NA, Hye Khan MA and Rathore HA. (2012) High-fructose feeding impacts on the adrenergic control of renal haemodynamics in the rat. Br J Nutr 107: 218-28 [PMID:21733307]
  2. Abraham G, Kneuer C, Ehrhardt C, Honscha W and Ungemach FR. (2004) Expression of functional beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lung epithelial cell lines 16HBE14o(-), Calu-3 and A549. Biochim Biophys Acta 1691: 169-79 [PMID:15110997]
  3. Acosta-Martinez M, Fiber JM, Brown RD and Etgen AM. (1999) Localization of alpha1B-adrenergic receptor in female rat brain regions involved in stress and neuroendocrine function. Neurochemistry International 35: 383-391 [PMID:10517699]
  4. AHLQUIST RP. (1948) A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Am J Physiol 153: 586-600 [PMID:18882199]
  5. Alikhani V, Beer D, Bentley D, Bruce I, Cuenoud BM, Fairhurst RA, Gedeck P, Haberthuer S, Hayden C and Janus D et al.. (2004) Long-chain formoterol analogues: an investigation into the effect of increasing amino-substituent chain length on the beta2-adrenoceptor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14: 4705-10 [PMID:15324892]
  6. Allen JM, Baetge EE, Abrass IB and Palmiter RD. (1988) Isoproterenol response following transfection of the mouse beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene into Y1 cells. EMBO J 7: 133-8 [PMID:2834198]
  7. Alonso-Llamazares A, Zamanillo D, Casanova E, Ovalle S, Calvo P and Chinchetru MA. (1995) Molecular cloning of alpha 1d-adrenergic receptor and tissue distribution of three alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in mouse. J Neurochem 65: 2387-2392 [PMID:7595531]
  8. Altman JD, Trendelenburg AU, MacMillan L, Bernstein D, Limbird L, Starke K, Kobilka BK and Hein L. (1999) Abnormal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor knockout mice. Mol Pharmacol 56: 154-61 [PMID:10385696]
  9. Amirahmadi F, Turnbull L, Du XJ, Graham RM and Woodcock EA. (2008) Heightened alpha1A-adrenergic receptor activity suppresses ischaemia/reperfusion-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation in the mouse heart: a comparison with ischaemic preconditioning. Clin Sci 114: 157-64 [PMID:17696883]
  10. Amirak E, Fuller SJ, Sugden PH and Clerk A. (2013) p90 ribosomal S6 kinases play a significant role in early gene regulation in the cardiomyocyte response to G(q)-protein-coupled receptor stimuli, endothelin-1 and α(1)-adrenergic receptor agonists. Biochem J 450: 351-63 [PMID:23215897]
  11. André C, Erraji L, Gaston J, Grimber G, Briand P and Guillet JG. (1996) Transgenic mice carrying the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene with its own promoter overexpress beta 2-adrenergic receptors in liver. Eur J Biochem 241: 417-24 [PMID:8917438]
  12. Angers S, Salahpour A, Joly E, Hilairet S, Chelsky D, Dennis M and Bouvier M. (2000) Detection of beta 2-adrenergic receptor dimerization in living cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 3684-9 [PMID:10725388]
  13. Aparici M, Gómez-Angelats M, Vilella D, Otal R, Carcasona C, Viñals M, Ramos I, Gavaldà A, De Alba J and Gras J et al.. (2012) Pharmacological characterization of abediterol, a novel inhaled β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist with long duration of action and a favorable safety profile in preclinical models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 342: 497-509 [PMID:22588259]
  14. Arch JR, Ainsworth AT, Cawthorne MA, Piercy V, Sennitt MV, Thody VE, Wilson C and Wilson S. (1984) Atypical beta-adrenoceptor on brown adipocytes as target for anti-obesity drugs. Nature 309: 163-5 [PMID:6325935]
  15. Aristotelous T, Ahn S, Shukla AK, Gawron S, Sassano MF, Kahsai AW, Wingler LM, Zhu X, Tripathi-Shukla P and Huang XP et al.. (2013) Discovery of β2 Adrenergic Receptor Ligands Using Biosensor Fragment Screening of Tagged Wild-Type Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 4: 1005-1010 [PMID:24454993]
  16. Armenia, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Khan MA and Johns EJ. (2008) Alpha1A- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors are the major functional subtypes of renal alpha1-adrenoceptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 28: 1-10 [PMID:18257746]
  17. Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Qashu F and Braga MF. (2007) Mechanisms regulating GABAergic inhibitory transmission in the basolateral amygdala: implications for epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Amino Acids 32: 305-15 [PMID:17048126]
  18. Arévalo-León LE, Gallardo-Ortíz IA, Urquiza-Marín H and Villalobos-Molina R. (2003) Evidence for the role of alpha1D- and alpha1A-adrenoceptors in contraction of the rat mesenteric artery. Vascul Pharmacol 40: 91-6 [PMID:12646397]
  19. Auclair A, Drouin C, Cotecchia S, Glowinski J and Tassin JP. (2004) 5-HT2A and alpha1b-adrenergic receptors entirely mediate dopamine release, locomotor response and behavioural sensitization to opiates and psychostimulants. Eur J Neurosci 20: 3073-84 [PMID:15579162]
  20. Auerbach SS and DrugMatrix® and ToxFX® Coordinator National Toxicology Program.. National Toxicology Program: Dept of Health and Human Services. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/drugmatrix/index.html. Accessed on 02/05/2014.
  21. Baerwald C, Graefe C, Muhl C, Von Wichert P and Krause A. (1992) Beta 2-adrenergic receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 22 Suppl 1: 42-6 [PMID:1333966]
  22. Baker JG. (2010) A full pharmacological analysis of the three turkey β-adrenoceptors and comparison with the human β-adrenoceptors. PLoS ONE 5: e15487 [PMID:21152092]
  23. Baker JG. (2010) The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists at human beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 160: 1048-61 [PMID:20590599]
  24. Baker JG. (2005) The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists at the human beta1, beta2 and beta3 adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 144: 317-22 [PMID:15655528]
  25. Baker JG, Gardiner SM, Woolard J, Fromont C, Jadhav GP, Mistry SN, Thompson KSJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ and Fischer PM. (2017) Novel selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonists for concomitant cardiovascular and respiratory disease. FASEB J 31: 3150-3166 [PMID:28400472]
  26. Baker JG, Hall IP and Hill SJ. (2003) Influence of agonist efficacy and receptor phosphorylation on antagonist affinity measurements: differences between second messenger and reporter gene responses. Mol Pharmacol 64: 679-88 [PMID:12920204]
  27. Baker JG, Hall IP and Hill SJ. (2003) Agonist and inverse agonist actions of beta-blockers at the human beta 2-adrenoceptor provide evidence for agonist-directed signaling. Mol Pharmacol 64: 1357-69 [PMID:14645666]
  28. Baker JG, Hall IP and Hill SJ. (2003) Pharmacology and direct visualisation of BODIPY-TMR-CGP: a long-acting fluorescent beta2-adrenoceptor agonist. Br J Pharmacol 139: 232-42 [PMID:12770928]
  29. Baker JG, Hall IP and Hill SJ. (2002) Pharmacological characterization of CGP 12177 at the human beta(2)-adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 137: 400-8 [PMID:12237261]
  30. Baker JG, Proudman RG and Hill SJ. (2015) Salmeterol's extreme β2 selectivity is due to residues in both extracellular loops and transmembrane domains. Mol Pharmacol 87: 103-20 [PMID:25324048]
  31. Banie L, Lin G, Ning H, Wang G, Lue TF and Lin CS. (2008) Effects of estrogen, raloxifene and levormeloxifene on alpha1A-adrenergic receptor expression. J Urol 180: 2241-6 [PMID:18804812]
  32. Bardou M, Dousset B, Deneux-Tharaux C, Smadja C, Naline E, Chaput JC, Naveau S, Manara L, Croci T and Advenier C. (1998) In vitro inhibition of human colonic motility with SR 59119A and SR 59104A: evidence of a beta3-adrenoceptor-mediated effect. Eur J Pharmacol 353: 281-7 [PMID:9726658]
  33. Barends CR, Absalom A, van Minnen B, Vissink A and Visser A. (2017) Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam in Procedural Sedation. A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety. PLoS One 12: e0169525 [PMID:28107373]
  34. Barki-Harrington L, Luttrell LM and Rockman HA. (2003) Dual inhibition of beta-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors by a single antagonist: a functional role for receptor-receptor interaction in vivo. Circulation 108: 1611-8 [PMID:12963634]
  35. Battaglia G, Fornai F, Busceti CL, Lembo G, Nicoletti F and De Blasi A. (2003) Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor knockout mice are protected against methamphetamine toxicity. J Neurochem 86: 413-21 [PMID:12871582]
  36. Battaglia G, Shannon M, Borgundvaag B and Titeler M. (1983) Properties of [3H]prazosin-labeled alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat brain and porcine neurointermediate lobe tissue. J Neurochem 41: 538-42 [PMID:6308163]
  37. Battram C, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud B, Dowling MR, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard JR, Leighton-Davies JR, Lewis CA and McEvoy L et al.. (2006) In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of 5-[(R)-2-(5,6-diethyl-indan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (indacaterol), a novel inhaled beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist with a 24-h duration of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317: 762-70 [PMID:16434564]
  38. Beattie D, Beer D, Bradley ME, Bruce I, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud BM, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard JR and Janus D et al.. (2012) An investigation into the structure-activity relationships associated with the systematic modification of the β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22: 6280-5 [PMID:22932315]
  39. Beattie D, Bradley M, Brearley A, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud BM, Fairhurst RA, Gedeck P, Gosling M, Janus D and Jones D et al.. (2010) A physical properties based approach for the exploration of a 4-hydroxybenzothiazolone series of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20: 5302-7 [PMID:20655218]
  40. Berkowitz DE, Nardone NA, Smiley RM, Price DT, Kreutter DK, Fremeau RT and Schwinn DA. (1995) Distribution of beta 3-adrenoceptor mRNA in human tissues. Eur J Pharmacol 289: 223-228 [PMID:7621895]
  41. Berthouze M, Ayoub M, Russo O, Rivail L, Sicsic S, Fischmeister R, Berque-Bestel I, Jockers R and Lezoualc'h F. (2005) Constitutive dimerization of human serotonin 5-HT4 receptors in living cells. FEBS Lett 579: 2973-80 [PMID:15896782]
  42. Bilezikian JP. (1987) Defining the Role of Adrenergic Receptors in Human Physiology. In Adrenergic Receptors in Man Edited by Insel PA: Marcel Dekker: 37-68 [ISBN: 0824776291]
  43. Blaxall HS, Hass NA and Bylund DB. (1994) Expression of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes in rat tissues. Receptor 4: 191-9 [PMID:7812219]
  44. Blaxall HS, Murphy TJ, Baker JC, Ray C and Bylund DB. (1991) Characterization of the alpha-2C adrenergic receptor subtype in the opossum kidney and in the OK cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 259: 323-9 [PMID:1656026]
  45. Blin N, Camoin L, Maigret B and Strosberg AD. (1993) Structural and conformational features determining selective signal transduction in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 44: 1094-104 [PMID:7903415]
  46. Blin N, Nahmias C, Drumare MF and Strosberg AD. (1994) Mediation of most atypical effects by species homologues of the beta 3-adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 112: 911-9 [PMID:7921620]
  47. Blue DR, Daniels DV, Gever JR, Jett MF, O'Yang C, Tang HM, Williams TJ and Ford AP. (2004) Pharmacological characteristics of Ro 115-1240, a selective alpha1A/1L-adrenoceptor partial agonist: a potential therapy for stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int 93: 162-70 [PMID:14678390]
  48. Bokoch MP, Zou Y, Rasmussen SG, Liu CW, Nygaard R, Rosenbaum DM, Fung JJ, Choi HJ, Thian FS and Kobilka TS et al.. (2010) Ligand-specific regulation of the extracellular surface of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature 463: 108-12 [PMID:20054398]
  49. Bolaños B and Mitchell TG. (1989) Phagocytosis and killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages in the absence of serum. J Leukoc Biol 46: 521-8 [PMID:2681492]
  50. Bond RA and Clarke DE. (1988) Agonist and antagonist characterization of a putative adrenoceptor with distinct pharmacological properties from the alpha- and beta-subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 95: 723-734 [PMID:2905184]
  51. Bouyssou T, Casarosa P, Naline E, Pestel S, Konetzki I, Devillier P and Schnapp A. (2010) Pharmacological characterization of olodaterol, a novel inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonist exerting a 24-hour-long duration of action in preclinical models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 334: 53-62 [PMID:20371707]
  52. Breit A, Lagacé M and Bouvier M. (2004) Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors generates a beta-adrenergic signaling unit with distinct functional properties. J Biol Chem 279: 28756-65 [PMID:15123695]
  53. Bristow MR, Hershberger RE, Port JD, Minobe W and Rasmussen R. (1989) Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium. Mol Pharmacol 35: 295-303 [PMID:2564629]
  54. Brixius K, Bloch W, Pott C, Napp A, Krahwinkel A, Ziskoven C, Koriller M, Mehlhorn U, Hescheler J and Fleischmann B et al.. (2004) Mechanisms of beta 3-adrenoceptor-induced eNOS activation in right atrial and left ventricular human myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 143: 1014-22 [PMID:15466444]
  55. Brown DA and Dunn PM. (1983) Depolarization of rat isolated superior cervical ganglia mediated by beta 2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 79: 429-39 [PMID:6140042]
  56. Brucker BM, King J, Mudd Jr PN and McHale K. (2022) Selectivity and Maximum Response of Vibegron and Mirabegron for β3-Adrenergic Receptors. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 96: 100674 [PMID:35693456]
  57. Bruno JF, Whittaker J, Song JF and Berelowitz M. (1991) Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a human alpha 1A adrenergic receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 179: 1485-90 [PMID:1656955]
  58. Buneman P, Christie G, Davies JA, Dimitrellou R, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL and Wu Y. (2020) Why data citation isn't working, and what to do about it Database 2020 [PMID:32367113]
  59. Burcelin R, Uldry M, Foretz M, Perrin C, Dacosta A, Nenniger-Tosato M, Seydoux J, Cotecchia S and Thorens B. (2004) Impaired glucose homeostasis in mice lacking the alpha1b-adrenergic receptor subtype. J Biol Chem 279: 1108-15 [PMID:14581480]
  60. Bylund DB. (1988) Subtypes of alpha 2-adrenoceptors: pharmacological and molecular biological evidence converge. Trends Pharmacol Sci 9: 356-61 [PMID:2855960]
  61. Bylund DB. (1992) Subtypes of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. FASEB J 6: 832-9 [PMID:1346768]
  62. Bylund DB. (2005) Alpha-2 adrenoceptor subtypes: are more better? Br J Pharmacol 144: 159-60 [PMID:15655520]
  63. Bylund DB, Blaxall HS, Iversen LJ, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ and Lomasney JW. (1992) Pharmacological characteristics of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors: comparison of pharmacologically defined subtypes with subtypes identified by molecular cloning. Mol Pharmacol 42: 1-5 [PMID:1353247]
  64. Bylund DB, Eikenberg DC, Hieble JP, Langer SZ, Lefkowitz RJ, Minneman KP, Molinoff PB, Ruffolo Jr RR and Trendelenburg U. (1994) International Union of Pharmacology nomenclature of adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Rev 46: 121-36 [PMID:7938162]
  65. Bylund DB and Ray-Prenger C. (1989) Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one receptor subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 251: 640-4 [PMID:2553931]
  66. Bylund DB, Ray-Prenger C and Murphy TJ. (1988) Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: antagonist binding in tissues and cell lines containing only one subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 245: 600-7 [PMID:2835476]
  67. Callaerts-Vegh Z, Evans KL, Dudekula N, Cuba D, Knoll BJ, Callaerts PF, Giles H, Shardonofsky FR and Bond RA. (2004) Effects of acute and chronic administration of beta-adrenoceptor ligands on airway function in a murine model of asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 4948-53 [PMID:15069206]
  68. Candelore MR, Deng L, Tota L, Guan XM, Amend A, Liu Y, Newbold R, Cascieri MA and Weber AE. (1999) Potent and selective human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290: 649-55 [PMID:10411574]
  69. Carr BJ, Mihara K, Ramachandran R, Saifeddine M, Nathanson NM, Stell WK and Hollenberg MD. (2018) Myopia-Inhibiting Concentrations of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists Block Activation of Alpha2A-Adrenoceptors In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59: 2778-2791 [PMID:29860464]
  70. Carroll WA, Sippy KB, Esbenshade TA, Buckner SA, Hancock AA and Meyer MD. (2001) Two novel and potent 3-[(o-methoxyphenyl)piperazinylethyl]-5-phenylthien. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 11: 1119-21 [PMID:11354357]
  71. Carzaniga L, Linney ID, Rizzi A, Delcanale M, Schmidt W, Knight CK, Pastore F, Miglietta D, Carnini C and Cesari N et al.. (2022) Discovery of Clinical Candidate CHF-6366: A Novel Super-soft Dual Pharmacology Muscarinic Antagonist and β2 Agonist (MABA) for the Inhaled Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. J Med Chem 65: 10233-10250 [PMID:35901125]
  72. Casas-González P and García-Sáinz JA. (2006) Role of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in alpha1B-adrenoceptor phosphorylation. Eur J Pharmacol 542: 31-6 [PMID:16828079]
  73. Casas-González P, Ruiz-Martínez A and García-Sáinz JA. (2003) Lysophosphatidic acid induces alpha1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation through G beta gamma, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1633: 75-83 [PMID:12880866]
  74. Castillo-Badillo JA, Molina-Muñoz T, Romero-Ávila MT, Vázquez-Macías A, Rivera R, Chun J and García-Sáinz JA. (2012) Sphingosine 1-phosphate-mediated α1B-adrenoceptor desensitization and phosphorylation. Direct and paracrine/autocrine actions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1823: 245-54 [PMID:22019450]
  75. Castrejón-Sosa M, Villalobos-Molina R, Guinzberg R and Piña E. (2002) Adrenaline (via alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors) and ethanol stimulate OH* radical production in isolated rat hepatocytes. Life Sci 71: 2469-74 [PMID:12270752]
  76. Chalothorn D, McCune DF, Edelmann SE, Tobita K, Keller BB, Lasley RD, Perez DM, Tanoue A, Tsujimoto G and Post GR et al.. (2003) Differential cardiovascular regulatory activities of the alpha 1B- and alpha 1D-adrenoceptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305: 1045-53 [PMID:12649302]
  77. Chang DJ, Chang TK, Yamanishi SS, Salazar FH, Kosaka AH, Khare R, Bhakta S, Jasper JR, Shieh IS and Lesnick JD et al.. (1998) Molecular cloning, genomic characterization and expression of novel human alpha1A-adrenoceptor isoforms. FEBS Lett 422: 279-83 [PMID:9490024]
  78. Chen L, Hodges RR, Funaki C, Zoukhri D, Gaivin RJ, Perez DM and Dartt DA. (2006) Effects of alpha1D-adrenergic receptors on shedding of biologically active EGF in freshly isolated lacrimal gland epithelial cells. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 291: C946-56 [PMID:16760267]
  79. Chen Q, Takahashi S, Zhong S, Hosoda C, Zheng HY, Ogushi T, Fujimura T, Ohta N, Tanoue A and Tsujimoto G et al.. (2005) Function of the lower urinary tract in mice lacking alpha1d-adrenoceptor. J Urol 174: 370-4 [PMID:15947692]
  80. Chen WM, Chang AC, Shie BJ, Chang YH and Chang NC. (1992) Molecular cloning and characterization of a mouse alpha 2C2 adrenoceptor subtype gene. Biochim Biophys Acta 1171: 219-23 [PMID:1336396]
  81. Chen Z, Hague C, Hall RA and Minneman KP. (2006) Syntrophins regulate alpha1D-adrenergic receptors through a PDZ domain-mediated interaction. J Biol Chem 281: 12414-20 [PMID:16533813]
  82. Chen Z, Rogge G, Hague C, Alewood D, Colless B, Lewis RJ and Minneman KP. (2004) Subtype-selective noncompetitive or competitive inhibition of human alpha1-adrenergic receptors by rho-TIA. J Biol Chem 279: 35326-33 [PMID:15194691]
  83. Cherezov V, Rosenbaum DM, Hanson MA, Rasmussen SG, Thian FS, Kobilka TS, Choi HJ, Kuhn P, Weis WI and Kobilka BK et al.. (2007) High-resolution crystal structure of an engineered human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor. Science 318: 1258-65 [PMID:17962520]
  84. Chernogubova E, Cannon B and Bengtsson T. (2004) Norepinephrine increases glucose transport in brown adipocytes via beta3-adrenoceptors through a cAMP, PKA, and PI3-kinase-dependent pathway stimulating conventional and novel PKCs. Endocrinology 145: 269-280 [PMID:14551227]
  85. Chernogubova E, Hutchinson DS, Nedergaard J and Bengtsson T. (2005) Alpha1- and beta1-adrenoceptor signaling fully compensates for beta3-adrenoceptor deficiency in brown adipocyte norepinephrine-stimulated glucose uptake. Endocrinology 146: 2271-84 [PMID:15665039]
  86. Chiba S and Tsukada M. (2002) Existence of functional alpha1A- and alpha1D- but no alpha1B-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat common carotid arteries. Jpn J Pharmacol 88: 146-50 [PMID:11928714]
  87. Christiansen C, Poulsen P and Beck-Nielsen H. (1999) The Trp64Arg mutation of the adrenergic beta-3 receptor gene impairs insulin secretion: a twin study. Diabet Med 16: 835-40 [PMID:10547210]
  88. Chruscinski AJ, Rohrer DK, Schauble E, Desai KH, Bernstein D and Kobilka BK. (1999) Targeted disruption of the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene. J Biol Chem 274: 16694-700 [PMID:10358008]
  89. Chung FZ, Lentes KU, Gocayne J, Fitzgerald M, Robinson D, Kerlavage AR, Fraser CM and Venter JC. (1987) Cloning and sequence analysis of the human brain beta-adrenergic receptor. Evolutionary relationship to rodent and avian beta-receptors and porcine muscarinic receptors. FEBS Lett 211: 200-6 [PMID:3026848]
  90. Clement K, Vaisse C, Manning BS, Basdevant A, Guy-Grand B, Ruiz J, Silver KD, Shuldiner AR, Froguel P and Strosberg AD. (1995) Genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and an increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N Engl J Med 333: 352-354 [PMID:7609752]
  91. Cockcroft JR, Gazis AG, Cross DJ, Wheatley A, Dewar J, Hall IP and Noon JP. (2000) Beta(2)-adrenoceptor polymorphism determines vascular reactivity in humans. Hypertension 36: 371-5 [PMID:10988267]
  92. Cohn HI, Harris DM, Pesant S, Pfeiffer M, Zhou RH, Koch WJ, Dorn GW and Eckhart AD. (2008) Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 enhances alpha1D-adrenergic receptor constriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295: H1695-704 [PMID:18723764]
  93. Conley RK, Williams TJ, Ford AP and Ramage AG. (2001) The role of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors and 5-HT(1A) receptors in the control of the micturition reflex in male anaesthetized rats. Br J Pharmacol 133: 61-72 [PMID:11325795]
  94. Cotecchia S, Björklöf K, Rossier O, Stanasila L, Greasley P and Fanelli F. (2002) The alpha1b-adrenergic receptor subtype: molecular properties and physiological implications. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 22: 1-16 [PMID:12503605]
  95. Cotecchia S, Schwinn DA, Randall RR, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG and Kobilka BK. (1988) Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the hamster alpha 1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 7159-63 [PMID:2845398]
  96. Cottingham C, Chen Y, Jiao K and Wang Q. (2011) The antidepressant desipramine is an arrestin-biased ligand at the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor driving receptor down-regulation in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 286: 36063-75 [PMID:21859713]
  97. da Silva Junior ED, Sato M, Merlin J, Broxton N, Hutchinson DS, Ventura S, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2017) Factors influencing biased agonism in recombinant cells expressing the human α1A -adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 174: 2318-2333 [PMID:28444738]
  98. Daniels DV, Gever JR, Jasper JR, Kava MS, Lesnick JD, Meloy TD, Stepan G, Williams TJ, Clarke DE and Chang DJ et al.. (1999) Human cloned alpha1A-adrenoceptor isoforms display alpha1L-adrenoceptor pharmacology in functional studies. Eur J Pharmacol 370: 337-43 [PMID:10334511]
  99. Dardonville C and Rozas I. (2004) Imidazoline binding sites and their ligands: an overview of the different chemical structures. Med Res Rev 24: 639-61 [PMID:15224384]
  100. Dartt DA and Hodges RR. (2011) Interaction of alpha1D-adrenergic and P2X(7) receptors in the rat lacrimal gland and the effect on intracellular [Ca2+] and protein secretion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52: 5720-9 [PMID:21685341]
  101. Day HE, Campeau S, Watson Jr SJ and Akil H. (1997) Distribution of alpha 1a-, alpha 1b- and alpha 1d-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain and spinal cord. J Chem Neuroanat 13: 115-39 [PMID:9285356]
  102. Day HE, Kryskow EM, Watson SJ, Akil H and Campeau S. (2008) Regulation of hippocampal alpha1d adrenergic receptor mRNA by corticosterone in adrenalectomized rats. Brain Res 1218: 132-40 [PMID:18534559]
  103. de Andrade CR, Fukada SY, Olivon VC, de Godoy MA, Haddad R, Eberlin MN, Cunha FQ, de Souza HP, Laurindo FR and de Oliveira AM. (2006) Alpha1D-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation on rat carotid artery is impaired during the endothelial dysfunction evoked in the early stages of hyperhomocysteinemia. Eur J Pharmacol 543: 83-91 [PMID:16828078]
  104. De Pascali F, Ippolito M, Wolfe E, Komolov KE, Hopfinger N, Lemenze D, Kim N, Armen RS, An SS and Scott CP et al.. (2022) β2 -Adrenoceptor agonist profiling reveals biased signalling phenotypes for the β2 -adrenoceptor with possible implications for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 179: 4692-4708 [PMID:35732075]
  105. De Ponti F, Gibelli G, Croci T, Arcidiaco M, Crema F and Manara L. (1996) Functional evidence of atypical beta 3-adrenoceptors in the human colon using the beta 3-selective adrenoceptor antagonist, SR 59230A. Br J Pharmacol 117: 1374-6 [PMID:8730727]
  106. DeBoy JM and Jarboe BR. (1991) A response to "Can cytology proficiency testing programs discriminate between competent and incompetent practitioners?". QRB Qual Rev Bull 17: 206 [PMID:1923452]
  107. Deighan C, Woollhead AM, Colston JF and McGrath JC. (2004) Hepatocytes from alpha1B-adrenoceptor knockout mice reveal compensatory adrenoceptor subtype substitution. Br J Pharmacol 142: 1031-7 [PMID:15210583]
  108. Dessy C, Moniotte S, Ghisdal P, Havaux X, Noirhomme P and Balligand JL. (2004) Endothelial beta3-adrenoceptors mediate vasorelaxation of human coronary microarteries through nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Circulation 110: 948-54 [PMID:15302798]
  109. Deupree JD, Hinton KA, Cerutis DR and Bylund DB. (1996) Buffers differentially alter the binding of [3H]rauwolscine and [3H]RX821002 to the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278: 1215-27 [PMID:8819505]
  110. Devedjian JC, Esclapez F, Denis-Pouxviel C and Paris H. (1994) Further characterization of human alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes: [3H]RX821002 binding and definition of additional selective drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 252: 43-9 [PMID:7908642]
  111. Di Salvo J, Nagabukuro H, Wickham LA, Abbadie C, DeMartino JA, Fitzmaurice A, Gichuru L, Kulick A, Donnelly MJ and Jochnowitz N et al.. (2017) Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Beta 3 Adrenergic Agonist, Vibegron: Evaluation of Antimuscarinic Receptor Selectivity for Combination Therapy for Overactive Bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 360: 346-355 [PMID:27965369]
  112. Diamanti E, Del Bello F, Carbonara G, Carrieri A, Fracchiolla G, Giannella M, Mammoli V, Piergentili A, Pohjanoksa K and Quaglia W et al.. (2012) Might the observed α(2A)-adrenoreceptor agonism or antagonism of allyphenyline analogues be ascribed to different molecular conformations? Bioorg Med Chem 20: 2082-90 [PMID:22341244]
  113. Dixon RA, Kobilka BK, Strader DJ, Benovic JL, Dohlman HG, Frielle T, Bolanowski MA, Bennett CD, Rands E and Diehl RE et al.. (1986) Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian beta-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin. Nature 321: 75-9 [PMID:3010132]
  114. Docherty JR. (2012) Yohimbine antagonises α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor mediated components in addition to the α2A-adrenoceptor component to pressor responses in the pithed rat. Eur J Pharmacol 679: 90-4 [PMID:22290390]
  115. Docherty JR. (2011) Vasopressor nerve responses in the pithed rat, previously identified as α2-adrenoceptor mediated, may be α1D-adrenoceptor mediated. Eur J Pharmacol 658: 182-6 [PMID:21376031]
  116. Docherty JR. (1998) Subtypes of functional alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 361: 1-15 [PMID:9851536]
  117. Dolan JA, Muenkel HA, Burns MG, Pellegrino SM, Fraser CM, Pietri F, Strosberg AD, Largis EE, Dutia MD and Bloom JD et al.. (1994) Beta-3 adrenoceptor selectivity of the dioxolane dicarboxylate phenethanolamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269: 1000-6 [PMID:7912272]
  118. Doze VA, Papay RS, Goldenstein BL, Gupta MK, Collette KM, Nelson BW, Lyons MJ, Davis BA, Luger EJ and Wood SG et al.. (2011) Long-term α1A-adrenergic receptor stimulation improves synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, mood, and longevity. Mol Pharmacol 80: 747-58 [PMID:21791575]
  119. Drake MT, Violin JD, Whalen EJ, Wisler JW, Shenoy SK and Lefkowitz RJ. (2008) beta-arrestin-biased agonism at the beta2-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 283: 5669-76 [PMID:18086673]
  120. Drouin C, Darracq L, Trovero F, Blanc G, Glowinski J, Cotecchia S and Tassin JP. (2002) Alpha1b-adrenergic receptors control locomotor and rewarding effects of psychostimulants and opiates. J Neurosci 22: 2873-84 [PMID:11923452]
  121. Du XJ, Fang L, Gao XM, Kiriazis H, Feng X, Hotchkin E, Finch AM, Chaulet H and Graham RM. (2004) Genetic enhancement of ventricular contractility protects against pressure-overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 37: 979-87 [PMID:15522275]
  122. Du XJ, Gao XM, Kiriazis H, Moore XL, Ming Z, Su Y, Finch AM, Hannan RA, Dart AM and Graham RM. (2006) Transgenic alpha1A-adrenergic activation limits post-infarct ventricular remodeling and dysfunction and improves survival. Cardiovasc Res 71: 735-43 [PMID:16859660]
  123. Ducza E, Kormányos Z, Resch BE and Falkay G. (2005) Correlation between the alterations in the mRNA expressions of the alpha1-adrenoceptor and estrogen receptor subtypes in the pregnant human uterus and cervix. Eur J Pharmacol 528: 183-7 [PMID:16325176]
  124. Eason MG, Kurose H, Holt BD, Raymond JR and Liggett SB. (1992) Simultaneous coupling of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors to two G-proteins with opposing effects. Subtype-selective coupling of alpha 2C10, alpha 2C4, and alpha 2C2 adrenergic receptors to Gi and Gs. J Biol Chem 267: 15795-801 [PMID:1322406]
  125. Eason MG and Liggett SB. (1995) Identification of a Gs coupling domain in the amino terminus of the third intracellular loop of the alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor. Evidence for distinct structural determinants that confer Gs versus Gi coupling. J Biol Chem 270: 24753-60 [PMID:7559592]
  126. Eason MG and Liggett SB. (1993) Human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype distribution: widespread and subtype-selective expression of alpha 2C10, alpha 2C4, and alpha 2C2 mRNA in multiple tissues. Mol Pharmacol 44: 70-5 [PMID:7688069]
  127. Edmondson SD, Zhu C, Kar NF, Di Salvo J, Nagabukuro H, Sacre-Salem B, Dingley K, Berger R, Goble SD and Morriello G et al.. (2016) Discovery of Vibegron: A Potent and Selective β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder. J Med Chem 59: 609-23 [PMID:26709102]
  128. Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP and Vizi ES. (2000) The sympathetic nerve--an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 52: 595-638 [PMID:11121511]
  129. Emorine LJ, Marullo S, Briend-Sutren MM, Patey G, Tate K, Delavier-Klutchko C and Strosberg AD. (1989) Molecular characterization of the human beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Science 245: 1118-21 [PMID:2570461]
  130. Errasti AE, Werneck de Avellar MC, Daray FM, Tramontano J, Luciani LI, Lina Bard MJ, Maróstica E and Rothlin RP. (2003) Human umbilical vein vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine acting on alpha1B-adrenoceptor subtype. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189: 1472-80 [PMID:14634588]
  131. Evans BA, Broxton N, Merlin J, Sato M, Hutchinson DS, Christopoulos A and Summers RJ. (2011) Quantification of functional selectivity at the human α(1A)-adrenoceptor. Mol Pharmacol 79: 298-307 [PMID:20978120]
  132. Evans BA, Papaioannou M, Hamilton S and Summers RJ. (1999) Alternative splicing generates two isoforms of the beta-3 adrenoceptor which are differentially expressed in mouse tissues. Br J Pharmacol 127: 1525-1531 [PMID:10455305]
  133. Evans BA, Sato M, Sarwar M, Hutchinson DS and Summers RJ. (2010) Ligand-directed signalling at beta-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 159: 1022-38 [PMID:20132209]
  134. Fargin A, Raymond SR, Lohse MJ, Kobilka BK, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ. (1988) The genomic clone G-21 which resembles aβ-adrenergic receptor sequence encodes the 5-HT1Areceptor. Nature 335: 358-360 [PMID:3138543]
  135. Fernández J, Alonso JM, Andrés JI, Cid JM, Díaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK and Trabanco AA. (2005) Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem 48: 1709-12 [PMID:15771415]
  136. Festa A, Krugluger W, Shnawa N, Hopmeier P, Haffner SM and Schernthaner G. (1999) Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in pregnancy: association with mild gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 1695-9 [PMID:10323402]
  137. Filippi S, Parenti A, Donnini S, Granger HJ, Fazzini A and Ledda F. (2001) alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors cause endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the rat mesenteric vascular bed. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 296: 869-75 [PMID:11181918]
  138. Flacco N, Segura V, Perez-Aso M, Estrada S, Seller JF, Jiménez-Altayó F, Noguera MA, D'Ocon P, Vila E and Ivorra MD. (2013) Different β-adrenoceptor subtypes coupling to cAMP or NO/cGMP pathways: implications in the relaxant response of rat conductance and resistance vessels. Br J Pharmacol 169: 413-25 [PMID:23373597]
  139. Fletcher DS, Candelore MR, Grujic D, Lowell BB, Luell S, Susulic VS and Macintyre DE. (1998) Beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists cause an increase in gastrointestinal transit time in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 287: 720-4 [PMID:9808702]
  140. Flordellis CS, Handy DE, Bresnahan MR, Zannis VI and Gavras H. (1991) Cloning and expression of a rat brain alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 1019-23 [PMID:1704126]
  141. Ford AP, Arredondo NF, Blue Jr DR, Bonhaus DW, Jasper J, Kava MS, Lesnick J, Pfister JR, Shieh IA and Vimont RL et al.. (1996) RS-17053 (N-[2-(2-cyclopropylmethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-5-chloro-alpha, alpha-dimethyl-1H-indole-3-ethanamine hydrochloride), a selective alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, displays low affinity for functional alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostate: implications for adrenoceptor classification. Mol Pharmacol 49: 209-15 [PMID:8632751]
  142. Ford AP, Daniels DV, Chang DJ, Gever JR, Jasper JR, Lesnick JD and Clarke DE. (1997) Pharmacological pleiotropism of the human recombinant alpha1A-adrenoceptor: implications for alpha1-adrenoceptor classification. Br J Pharmacol 121: 1127-35 [PMID:9249248]
  143. Ford AP, Williams TJ, Blue DR and Clarke DE. (1994) Alpha 1-adrenoceptor classification: sharpening Occam's razor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15: 167-70 [PMID:7916507]
  144. Frazier EP, Michel-Reher MB, van Loenen P, Sand C, Schneider T, Peters SL and Michel MC. (2011) Lack of evidence that nebivolol is a β₃-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 654: 86-91 [PMID:21172342]
  145. Freitas SR, Pereira AC, Floriano MS, Mill JG and Krieger JE. (2008) Association of alpha1a-adrenergic receptor polymorphism and blood pressure phenotypes in the Brazilian population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 8: 40 [PMID:19105822]
  146. Frielle T, Collins S, Daniel KW, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ and Kobilka BK. (1987) Cloning of the cDNA for the human β1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 7920-7924 [PMID:2825170]
  147. Frielle T, Daniel KW, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ. (1988) Structural basis of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity studied with chimeric beta 1/beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 9494-8 [PMID:2849109]
  148. Gable BD, Shiga T, Murray PA and Damron DS. (2005) Propofol increases contractility during alpha1a-adrenoreceptor activation in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Anesthesiology 103: 335-43 [PMID:16052116]
  149. Gacsályi I, Nagy K, Pallagi K, Lévay G, Hársing Jr LG, Móricz K, Kertész S, Varga P, Haller J and Gigler G et al.. (2013) Egis-11150: a candidate antipsychotic compound with procognitive efficacy in rodents. Neuropharmacology 64: 254-63 [PMID:22824189]
  150. Galandrin S and Bouvier M. (2006) Distinct signaling profiles of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor ligands toward adenylyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase reveals the pluridimensionality of efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 70: 1575-84 [PMID:16901982]
  151. Galandrin S, Oligny-Longpré G, Bonin H, Ogawa K, Galés C and Bouvier M. (2008) Conformational rearrangements and signaling cascades involved in ligand-biased mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling through the beta1-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 74: 162-72 [PMID:18403719]
  152. Galitzky J, Langin D, Verwaerde P, Montastruc JL, Lafontan M and Berlan M. (1997) Lipolytic effects of conventional beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists and of CGP 12,177 in rat and human fat cells: preliminary pharmacological evidence for a putative beta 4-adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 122: 1244-50 [PMID:9401793]
  153. García-Cazarín ML, Smith JL, Clair DK and Piascik MT. (2008) The alpha1D-adrenergic receptor induces vascular smooth muscle apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 74: 1000-7 [PMID:18628404]
  154. García-Cazarín ML, Smith JL, Olszewski KA, McCune DF, Simmerman LA, Hadley RW, Kraner SD and Piascik MT. (2008) The alpha1D-adrenergic receptor is expressed intracellularly and coupled to increases in intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species in human aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Signal 3: 6 [PMID:18304336]
  155. García-Sáinz JA, Rodríguez-Pérez CE and Romero-Avila MT. (2004) Human alpha1D-adrenoceptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Biochem Pharmacol 67: 1853-8 [PMID:15130762]
  156. García-Sáinz JA, Romero-Avila MT, Molina-Muñoz T and Medina Ldel C. (2004) Insulin induces alpha1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Life Sci 75: 1937-47 [PMID:15306161]
  157. García-Sáinz JA, Vázquez-Cuevas FG and Romero-Avila MT. (2001) Phosphorylation and desensitization of alpha1d-adrenergic receptors. Biochem J 353: 603-10 [PMID:11171057]
  158. Garovic VD, Joyner MJ, Dietz NM, Boerwinkle E and Turner ST. (2003) Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphism and nitric oxide-dependent forearm blood flow responses to isoproterenol in humans. J Physiol (Lond.) 546: 583-9 [PMID:12527744]
  159. Gauthier C, Tavernier G, Charpentier F, Langin D and Le Marec H. (1996) Functional beta3-adrenoceptor in the human heart. J Clin Invest 98: 556-62 [PMID:8755668]
  160. Gavin KT, Colgan MP, Moore D, Shanik G and Docherty JR. (1997) Alpha 2C-adrenoceptors mediate contractile responses to noradrenaline in the human saphenous vein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 355: 406-11 [PMID:9089673]
  161. Germack R, Starzec AB, Vassy R and Perret GY. (1997) Beta-adrenoceptor subtype expression and function in rat white adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 120: 201-10 [PMID:9117110]
  162. Giardinà D, Crucianelli M, Romanelli R, Leonardi A, Poggesi E and Melchiorre C. (1996) Synthesis and biological profile of the enantiomers of [4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl)-cis-octahydroquinoxalin- 1-yl]furan-2-ylmethanone (cyclazosin), a potent competitive alpha 1B- adrenoceptor antagonist. J Med Chem 39: 4602-7 [PMID:8917649]
  163. Giessler C, Wangemann T, Silber RE, Dhein S and Brodde OE. (2002) Noradrenaline-induced contraction of human saphenous vein and human internal mammary artery: involvement of different alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 366: 104-9 [PMID:12122495]
  164. Gocayne J, Robinson DA, FitzGerald MG, Chung FZ, Kerlavage AR, Lentes KU, Lai J, Wang CD, Fraser CM and Venter JC. (1987) Primary structure of rat cardiac beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors obtained by automated DNA sequence analysis: further evidence for a multigene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 8296-300 [PMID:2825184]
  165. Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Shi T, Yun J, McCune DF, Rorabaugh BR and Perez DM. (2004) Differential regulation of the cell cycle by alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Endocrinology 145: 5157-67 [PMID:15297446]
  166. González-Arenas A, Aguilar-Maldonado B, Avendaño-Vázquez SE and García-Sáinz JA. (2006) Estrogens cross-talk to alpha1b-adrenergic receptors. Mol Pharmacol 70: 154-62 [PMID:16638969]
  167. González-Hernández Mde L, Godínez-Hernández D, Bobadilla-Lugo RA and López-Sánchez P. (2010) Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and alpha-1D adrenoceptor form a heterodimer during pregnancy-induced hypertension. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 30: 167-72 [PMID:20102360]
  168. Granneman JG, Lahners KN and Chaudhry A. (1991) Molecular cloning and expression of the rat beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 40: 895-899 [PMID:1684635]
  169. Gray K, Short J and Ventura S. (2008) The alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene is required for the alpha1L-adrenoceptor-mediated response in isolated preparations of the mouse prostate. Br J Pharmacol 155: 103-9 [PMID:18552869]
  170. Gu D, Ge D, Snieder H, He J, Chen S, Huang J, Li B, Chen R and Qiang B. (2006) Association of alpha1A adrenergic receptor gene variants on chromosome 8p21 with human stage 2 hypertension. J Hypertens 24: 1049-56 [PMID:16685204]
  171. Gupta MK, Papay RS, Jurgens CW, Gaivin RJ, Shi T, Doze VA and Perez DM. (2009) alpha1-Adrenergic receptors regulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Mol Pharmacol 76: 314-26 [PMID:19487244]
  172. Haack KK, Tougas MR, Jones KT, El-Dahr SS, Radhakrishna H and McCarty NA. (2010) A novel bioassay for detecting GPCR heterodimerization: transactivation of beta 2 adrenergic receptor by bradykinin receptor. J Biomol Screen 15: 251-60 [PMID:20150590]
  173. Hague C, Bernstein LS, Ramineni S, Chen Z, Minneman KP and Hepler JR. (2005) Selective inhibition of alpha1A-adrenergic receptor signaling by RGS2 association with the receptor third intracellular loop. J Biol Chem 280: 27289-95 [PMID:15917235]
  174. Hague C, Chen Z, Pupo AS, Schulte NA, Toews ML and Minneman KP. (2004) The N terminus of the human alpha1D-adrenergic receptor prevents cell surface expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309: 388-97 [PMID:14718583]
  175. Hague C, Chen Z, Uberti M and Minneman KP. (2003) Alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes: non-identical triplets with different dancing partners? Life Sci 74: 411-8 [PMID:14609720]
  176. Hague C, Lee SE, Chen Z, Prinster SC, Hall RA and Minneman KP. (2006) Heterodimers of alpha1B- and alpha1D-adrenergic receptors form a single functional entity. Mol Pharmacol 69: 45-55 [PMID:16195468]
  177. Hague C, Uberti MA, Chen Z, Bush CF, Jones SV, Ressler KJ, Hall RA and Minneman KP. (2004) Olfactory receptor surface expression is driven by association with the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 13672-6 [PMID:15347813]
  178. Hague C, Uberti MA, Chen Z, Hall RA and Minneman KP. (2004) Cell surface expression of alpha1D-adrenergic receptors is controlled by heterodimerization with alpha1B-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 279: 15541-9 [PMID:14736874]
  179. Hampel C, Dolber PC, Smith MP, Savic SL, Th roff JW, Thor KB and Schwinn DA. (2002) Modulation of bladder alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype expression by bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol 167: 1513-21 [PMID:11832780]
  180. Han C, Abel PW and Minneman KP. (1987) Alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes linked to different mechanisms for increasing intracellular Ca2+ in smooth muscle. Nature 329: 333-5 [PMID:2442626]
  181. Han JL, Zhang YY, Lü ZZ, Mao JM, Chen MZ and Han QD. (2003) Functional alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human right gastroepiploic artery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 24: 327-31 [PMID:12676072]
  182. Hancock AA, Buckner SA, Brune ME, Katwala S, Milicic I, Ireland LM, Morse PA, Knepper SM, Meyer MD and Chapple CR et al.. (1998) Pharmacological characterization of A-131701, a novel R 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist selective for R 1A - and R 1D - compared to R 1B -adrenoceptors. Drug Development Research 44: 140-162
  183. Hancock AA, DeLean AL and Lefkowitz RJ. (1979) Quantitative resolution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes by selective ligand binding: application of a computerized model fitting technique. Mol Pharmacol 16: 1-9 [PMID:39239]
  184. Handy DE, Flordellis CS, Bogdanova NN, Bresnahan MR and Gavras H. (1993) Diverse tissue expression of rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes. Hypertension 21: 861-5 [PMID:7684725]
  185. Hanson MA, Cherezov V, Griffith MT, Roth CB, Jaakola VP, Chien EY, Velasquez J, Kuhn P and Stevens RC. (2008) A specific cholesterol binding site is established by the 2.8 A structure of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor. Structure 16: 897-905 [PMID:18547522]
  186. Harasawa I, Honda K, Tanoue A, Shinoura H, Ishida Y, Okamura H, Murao N, Tsujimoto G, Higa K and Kamiya HO et al.. (2003) Responses to noxious stimuli in mice lacking alpha(1d)-adrenergic receptors. Neuroreport 14: 1857-60 [PMID:14534435]
  187. Hebert TE, Moffett S, Morello JP, Loisel TP, Bichet DG, Barret C and Bouvier M. (1996) A peptide derived from a beta2-adrenergic receptor transmembrane domain inhibits both receptor dimerization and activation. J Biol Chem 271: 16384-92 [PMID:8663163]
  188. Hein L, Altman JD and Kobilka BK. (1999) Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission. Nature 402: 181-4 [PMID:10647009]
  189. Hein L, Limbird LE, Eglen RM and Kobilka BK. (1999) Gene substitution/knockout to delineate the role of alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes in mediating central effects of catecholamines and imidazolines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 881: 265-71 [PMID:10415924]
  190. Hein P and Michel MC. (2007) Signal transduction and regulation: are all alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes created equal? Biochem Pharmacol 73: 1097-106 [PMID:17141737]
  191. Heubach JF, Trebess I, Wettwer E, Himmel HM, Michel MC, Kaumann AJ, Koch WJ, Harding SE and Ravens U. (1999) L-type calcium current and contractility in ventricular myocytes from mice overexpressing the cardiac beta 2-adrenoceptor. Cardiovasc Res 42: 173-82 [PMID:10435008]
  192. Hieble JP. (2000) Adrenoceptor subclassification: an approach to improved cardiovascular therapeutics. Pharm Acta Helv 74: 163-71 [PMID:10812954]
  193. Hieble JP, Bondinell WE and Ruffolo Jr RR. (1995) Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors: from the gene to the clinic. 1. Molecular biology and adrenoceptor subclassification. J Med Chem 38: 3415-44 [PMID:7658428]
  194. Hieble JP, Bylund DB, Clarke DE, Eikenburg DC, Langer SZ, Lefkowitz RJ, Minneman KP and Ruffolo Jr RR. (1995) International Union of Pharmacology. X. Recommendation for nomenclature of alpha 1-adrenoceptors: consensus update. Pharmacol Rev 47: 267-70 [PMID:7568329]
  195. Hieble JP and Ruffolo Jr RR. (1997) Recent advances in the identification of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes: therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 6: 367-87 [PMID:15989605]
  196. Hieble JP and Ruffolo Jr RR. (1996) Subclassification and nomenclature of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Prog Drug Res 47: 81-130 [PMID:8961765]
  197. Hiller JG, Cole SW, Crone EM, Byrne DJ, Shackleford DM, Pang JB, Henderson MA, Nightingale SS, Ho KM and Myles PS et al.. (2020) Preoperative β-Blockade with Propranolol Reduces Biomarkers of Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Trial. Clin Cancer Res 26: 1803-1811 [PMID:31754048]
  198. Hillman KL, Doze VA and Porter JE. (2005) Functional characterization of the beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes expressed by CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 314: 561-7 [PMID:15908513]
  199. Hirasawa A, Shibata K, Horie K, Takei Y, Obika K, Tanaka T, Muramoto N, Takagaki K, Yano J and Tsujimoto G. (1995) Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of human alpha 1c-adrenoceptor splice variants. FEBS Lett 363: 256-60 [PMID:7737411]
  200. Hodges RR, Shatos MA, Tarko RS, Vrouvlianis J, Gu J and Dartt DA. (2005) Nitric oxide and cGMP mediate alpha1D-adrenergic receptor-Stimulated protein secretion and p42/p44 MAPK activation in rat lacrimal gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46: 2781-9 [PMID:16043851]
  201. Hoenke C, Bouyssou T, Tautermann CS, Rudolf K, Schnapp A and Konetzki I. (2009) Use of 5-hydroxy-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-ones as beta2-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19: 6640-4 [PMID:19875286]
  202. Hoffmann C, Leitz MR, Oberdorf-Maass S, Lohse MJ and Klotz KN. (2004) Comparative pharmacology of human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes--characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 369: 151-9 [PMID:14730417]
  203. Hoit BD, Suresh DP, Craft L, Walsh RA and Liggett SB. (2000) beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms at amino acid 16 differentially influence agonist-stimulated blood pressure and peripheral blood flow in normal individuals. Am Heart J 139: 537-42 [PMID:10689270]
  204. Horie K, Obika K, Foglar R and Tsujimoto G. (1995) Selectivity of the imidazoline alpha-adrenoceptor agonists (oxymetazoline and cirazoline) for human cloned alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 116: 1611-8 [PMID:8564227]
  205. Hosoda C, Koshimizu TA, Tanoue A, Nasa Y, Oikawa R, Tomabechi T, Fukuda S, Shinoura H, Oshikawa S and Takeo S et al.. (2005) Two alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes regulating the vasopressor response have differential roles in blood pressure regulation. Mol Pharmacol 67: 912-22 [PMID:15598970]
  206. Hrometz SL, Edelmann SE, McCune DF, Olges JR, Hadley RW, Perez DM and Piascik MT. (1999) Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290: 452-63 [PMID:10381812]
  207. Huang HH, Brennan TC, Muir MM and Mason RS. (2009) Functional alpha1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 220: 267-75 [PMID:19334040]
  208. Huang Y, Wright CD, Merkwan CL, Baye NL, Liang Q, Simpson PC and O'Connell TD. (2007) An alpha1A-adrenergic-extracellular signal-regulated kinase survival signaling pathway in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 115: 763-72 [PMID:17283256]
  209. Hudson BD, Hébert TE and Kelly ME. (2010) Physical and functional interaction between CB1 cannabinoid receptors and beta2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 160: 627-42 [PMID:20590567]
  210. Hunter JC, Fontana DJ, Hedley LR, Jasper JR, Lewis R, Link RE, Secchi R, Sutton J and Eglen RM. (1997) Assessment of the role of alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 122: 1339-44 [PMID:9421280]
  211. Huo S, Zhong X, Wu X and Li Y. (2012) Effects of norepinephrine and acetylcholine on the development of cultured Leydig cells in mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012: 503093 [PMID:23093848]
  212. Hutchinson DS, Bengtsson T, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2002) Mouse beta 3a- and beta 3b-adrenoceptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells display identical pharmacology but utilize distinct signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol 135: 1903-14 [PMID:11959793]
  213. Hutchinson DS, Chernogubova E, Sato M, Summers RJ and Bengtsson T. (2006) Agonist effects of zinterol at the mouse and human beta(3)-adrenoceptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 373: 158-68 [PMID:16601951]
  214. Hwa J, Graham RM and Perez DM. (1996) Chimeras of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes identify critical residues that modulate active state isomerization. J Biol Chem 271: 7956-64 [PMID:8626475]
  215. Hwa J, Graham RM and Perez DM. (1995) Identification of critical determinants of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype selective agonist binding. J Biol Chem 270: 23189-95 [PMID:7559466]
  216. Hwa J and Perez DM. (1996) The unique nature of the serine interactions for alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist binding and activation. J Biol Chem 271: 6322-7 [PMID:8626427]
  217. Igawa Y and Michel MC. (2013) Pharmacological profile of β3-adrenoceptor agonists in clinical development for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 386: 177-83 [PMID:23263450]
  218. Ishibashi T, Horisawa T, Tokuda K, Ishiyama T, Ogasa M, Tagashira R, Matsumoto K, Nishikawa H, Ueda Y and Toma S et al.. (2010) Pharmacological profile of lurasidone, a novel antipsychotic agent with potent 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 (5-HT7) and 5-HT1A receptor activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 334: 171-81 [PMID:20404009]
  219. Ishihama H, Momota Y, Yanase H, Wang X, de Groat WC and Kawatani M. (2006) Activation of alpha1D adrenergic receptors in the rat urothelium facilitates the micturition reflex. J Urol 175: 358-64 [PMID:16406942]
  220. Isogaya M, Sugimoto Y, Tanimura R, Tanaka R, Kikkawa H, Nagao T and Kurose H. (1999) Binding pockets of the beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors for subtype-selective agonists. Mol Pharmacol 56: 875-85 [PMID:10531390]
  221. Izeboud CA, Vermeulen RM, Zwart A, Voss HP, van Miert AS and Witkamp RF. (2000) Stereoselectivity at the beta2-adrenoceptor on macrophages is a major determinant of the anti-inflammatory effects of beta2-agonists. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 362: 184-9 [PMID:10961382]
  222. January B, Seibold A, Whaley B, Hipkin RW, Lin D, Schonbrunn A, Barber R and Clark RB. (1997) beta2-adrenergic receptor desensitization, internalization, and phosphorylation in response to full and partial agonists. J Biol Chem 272: 23871-9 [PMID:9295336]
  223. Jarajapu YP, Johnston F, Berry C, Renwick A, McGrath JC, MacDonald A and Hillier C. (2001) Functional characterization of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in human subcutaneous resistance arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299: 729-34 [PMID:11602687]
  224. Jarajapu YP, McGrath JC, Hillier C and MacDonald A. (2003) The alpha 1-adrenoceptor profile in human skeletal muscle resistance arteries in critical limb ischaemia. Cardiovasc Res 57: 554-62 [PMID:12566128]
  225. Jasper JR, Lesnick JD, Chang LK, Yamanishi SS, Chang TK, Hsu SA, Daunt DA, Bonhaus DW and Eglen RM. (1998) Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant alpha2 adrenergic receptors: agonist-mediated [35S]GTPgammaS binding. Biochem Pharmacol 55: 1035-43 [PMID:9605427]
  226. Jasper JR, Link RE, Chruscinski AJ, Kobilka BK and Bernstein D. (1993) Primary structure of the mouse beta 1-adrenergic receptor gene. Biochim Biophys Acta 1178: 307-9 [PMID:8395893]
  227. Jensen BC, Swigart PM, Laden ME, DeMarco T, Hoopes C and Simpson PC. (2009) The alpha-1D Is the predominant alpha-1-adrenergic receptor subtype in human epicardial coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: 1137-45 [PMID:19761933]
  228. Jensen BC, Swigart PM, Montgomery MD and Simpson PC. (2010) Functional alpha-1B adrenergic receptors on human epicardial coronary artery endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 382: 475-82 [PMID:20857090]
  229. Jiang S, Mao G, Zhang S, Hong X, Tang G, Li Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang B and Xu X et al.. (2005) Individual and joint association of alpha1A-adrenergic receptor Arg347Cys polymorphism and plasma irbesartan concentration with blood pressure therapeutic response in Chinese hypertensive subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 78: 239-48 [PMID:16153395]
  230. Jockers R, Issad T, Zilberfarb V, de Coppet P, Marullo S and Strosberg AD. (1998) Desensitization of the beta-adrenergic response in human brown adipocytes. Endocrinology 139: 2676-2684 [PMID:9607772]
  231. Johnson RD and Minneman KP. (1987) Differentiation of α1-adrenergic receptors linked to phosphatidylinositol turnover and cyclic AMP accumulation in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 31: 239-246 [PMID:2436033]
  232. Joiner ML, Lisé MF, Yuen EY, Kam AY, Zhang M, Hall DD, Malik ZA, Qian H, Chen Y and Ulrich JD et al.. (2010) Assembly of a beta2-adrenergic receptor--GluR1 signalling complex for localized cAMP signalling. EMBO J 29: 482-95 [PMID:19942860]
  233. Jones SB, Halenda SP and Bylund DB. (1991) Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation of phospholipase A2 and of adenylate cyclase in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by different mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 39: 239-45 [PMID:1847497]
  234. Jordan BA, Trapaidze N, Gomes I, Nivarthi R and Devi LA. (2001) Oligomerization of opioid receptors with beta 2-adrenergic receptors: a role in trafficking and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 343-8 [PMID:11134510]
  235. Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Colledge WH and Kaumann AJ. (2004) Binding of (-)-[3H]-CGP12177 at two sites in recombinant human beta 1-adrenoceptors and interaction with beta-blockers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 369: 525-32 [PMID:15060759]
  236. Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Grace AA, Colledge WH and Kaumann AJ. (2004) Markedly reduced effects of (-)-isoprenaline but not of (-)-CGP12177 and unchanged affinity of beta-blockers at Gly389-beta1-adrenoceptors compared to Arg389-beta1-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 142: 51-6 [PMID:15037517]
  237. Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Molenaar P, Grace AA, Colledge WH and Kaumann AJ. (2003) Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of (-)-pindolol mediated through a (-)-propranolol-resistant site of the beta1-adrenoceptor in human atrium and recombinant receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 368: 496-503 [PMID:14608456]
  238. Jung H, Windhaber R, Palm D and Schnackerz KD. (1995) NMR and circular dichroism studies of synthetic peptides derived from the third intracellular loop of the beta-adrenoceptor. FEBS Lett 358: 133-6 [PMID:7828722]
  239. Kable JW, Murrin LC and Bylund DB. (2000) In vivo gene modification elucidates subtype-specific functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 293: 1-7 [PMID:10734146]
  240. Kaumann AJ. (1997) Four beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in the mammalian heart. Trends Pharmacol Sci 18: 70-6 [PMID:9133774]
  241. Kaumann AJ, Preitner F, Sarsero D, Molenaar P, Revelli JP and Giacobino JP. (1998) (-)-CGP 12177 causes cardiostimulation and binds to cardiac putative beta 4-adrenoceptors in both wild-type and beta 3-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Mol Pharmacol 53: 670-5 [PMID:9547357]
  242. Kawanabe Y, Hashimoto N and Masaki T. (2004) Characterization of G proteins involved in activation of nonselective cation channels and arachidonic acid release by norepinephrine/alpha1A-adrenergic receptors. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 286: C596-600 [PMID:14761886]
  243. Kennis LE, Bischoff FP, Mertens CJ, Love CJ, Van den Keybus FA, Pieters S, Braeken M, Megens AA and Leysen JE. (2000) New 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine having highly active and potent central alpha 2-antagonistic activity as potential antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 10: 71-4 [PMID:10636247]
  244. Kenny BA, Chalmers DH, Philpott PC and Naylor AM. (1995) Characterization of an alpha 1D-adrenoceptor mediating the contractile response of rat aorta to noradrenaline. Br J Pharmacol 115: 981-6 [PMID:7582530]
  245. Kern C, Meyer T, Droux S, Schollmeyer D and Miculka C. (2009) Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of beta2-adrenergic agonist enantiomers: zilpaterol. J Med Chem 52: 1773-7 [PMID:19245211]
  246. Khan MA, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA and Johns EJ. (2008) Alpha1B-adrenoceptors mediate adrenergically-induced renal vasoconstrictions in rats with renal impairment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29: 193-203 [PMID:18215348]
  247. Khattar SK, Bora RS, Priyadarsiny P, Gautam A, Gupta D, Tiwari A, Nanda K, Singh R, Chugh A and Bansal V et al.. (2006) Molecular cloning, stable expression and cellular localization of human alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes: effect of charcoal/dextran treated serum on expression and localization of alpha1D -adrenergic receptor. Biotechnol Lett 28: 1731-9 [PMID:16912925]
  248. Kim TH, Chung KY, Manglik A, Hansen AL, Dror RO, Mildorf TJ, Shaw DE, Kobilka BK and Prosser RS. (2013) The role of ligands on the equilibria between functional states of a G protein-coupled receptor. J Am Chem Soc 135: 9465-74 [PMID:23721409]
  249. Kimura K, Sasaki N, Asano A, Mizukami J, Kayahashi S, Kawada T, Fushiki T, Morimatsu M, Yoshida T and Saito M. (2000) Mutated human beta3-adrenergic receptor (Trp64Arg) lowers the response to beta3-adrenergic agonists in transfected 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Horm Metab Res 32: 91-6 [PMID:10786926]
  250. Knepper SM, Buckner SA, Brune ME, DeBernardis JF, Meyer MD and Hancock AA. (1995) A-61603, a potent alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist, selective for the alpha 1A receptor subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 274: 97-103 [PMID:7616455]
  251. Knowlton KU, Michel MC, Itani M, Shubeita HE, Ishihara K, Brown JH and Chien KR. (1993) The alpha 1A-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates biochemical, molecular, and morphologic features of cultured myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 268: 15374-80 [PMID:8393439]
  252. Kobayashi S, Tomiyama Y, Hoyano Y, Yamazaki Y, Kusama H, Itoh Y, Kubota Y and Kohri K. (2009) Gene expressions and mechanical functions of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in mouse ureter. World J Urol 27: 775-80 [PMID:19259685]
  253. Kobilka BK, Dixon RA, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Sigal IS, Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ. (1987) cDNA for the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: a protein with multiple membrane-spanning domains and encoded by a gene whose chromosomal location is shared with that of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 46-50 [PMID:3025863]
  254. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Collins S, Yang-Feng T, Kobilka TS, Francke U, Lefkowitz RJ and Caron MG. (1987) An intronless gene encoding a potential member of the family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. Nature 329: 75-9 [PMID:3041227]
  255. Kobilka BK, Matsui H, Kobilka TS, Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ and Regan JW. (1987) Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Science 238: 650-6 [PMID:2823383]
  256. Kobori N, Hu B and Dash PK. (2011) Altered adrenergic receptor signaling following traumatic brain injury contributes to working memory dysfunction. Neuroscience 172: 293-302 [PMID:20974230]
  257. Kodama D and Togari A. (2010) Modulation of potassium channels via the α1B-adrenergic receptor in human osteoblasts. Neurosci Lett 485: 102-6 [PMID:20813157]
  258. Kohout TA, Takaoka H, McDonald PH, Perry SJ, Mao L, Lefkowitz RJ and Rockman HA. (2001) Augmentation of cardiac contractility mediated by the human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor overexpressed in the hearts of transgenic mice. Circulation 104: 2485-91 [PMID:11705829]
  259. Kojima Y, Sasaki S, Kubota Y, Hayase M, Hayashi Y, Shinoura H, Tsujimoto G and Kohri K. (2008) Expression of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNA as a predictor of the efficacy of subtype selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 179: 1040-6 [PMID:18206918]
  260. Kojima Y, Sasaki S, Kubota Y, Imura M, Oda N, Kiniwa M, Hayashi Y and Kohri K. (2011) Up-regulation of α1a and α1d-adrenoceptors in the prostate by administration of subtype selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 186: 1530-6 [PMID:21855934]
  261. Kompa AR and Summers RJ. (1999) Desensitization and resensitization of beta 1- and putative beta 4-adrenoceptor mediated responses occur in parallel in a rat model of cardiac failure. Br J Pharmacol 128: 1399-406 [PMID:10602318]
  262. Konkar AA, Zhai Y and Granneman JG. (2000) β1-Adrenergic receptors mediate β3-adrenergic-independent effects of CGP 12177 in Brown Adipose Tissue. Mol Pharmacol 57: 252-258 [PMID:10648634]
  263. Koshimizu TA, Tanoue A, Hirasawa A, Yamauchi J and Tsujimoto G. (2003) Recent advances in alpha1-adrenoceptor pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 98: 235-44 [PMID:12725871]
  264. Koshimizu TA, Tsujimoto G, Hirasawa A, Kitagawa Y and Tanoue A. (2004) Carvedilol selectively inhibits oscillatory intracellular calcium changes evoked by human alpha1D- and alpha1B-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Res 63: 662-72 [PMID:15306222]
  265. Krief S, Lonnqvist F, Raimbault S, Baude B, Van Spronsen A, Arner P, Strosberg AD, Ricquier D and Emorine LJ. (1993) Tissue distribution of beta 3-adrenergic receptor mRNA in man. J Clin Invest 91: 344-349 [PMID:8380813]
  266. Krushinski Jr JH, Schaus JM, Thompson DC, Calligaro DO, Nelson DL, Luecke SH, Wainscott DB and Wong DT. (2007) Indoloxypropanolamine analogues as 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17: 5600-4 [PMID:17804228]
  267. Kunieda T, Zuscik MJ, Boongird A, Perez DM, Lüders HO and Najm IM. (2002) Systemic overexpression of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor in mice: an animal model of epilepsy. Epilepsia 43: 1324-9 [PMID:12423381]
  268. Kuravi S, Lan TH, Barik A and Lambert NA. (2010) Third-party bioluminescence resonance energy transfer indicates constitutive association of membrane proteins: application to class a g-protein-coupled receptors and g-proteins. Biophys J 98: 2391-9 [PMID:20483349]
  269. Kurko D, Kapui Z, Nagy J, Lendvai B and Kolok S. (2014) Analysis of functional selectivity through G protein-dependent and -independent signaling pathways at the adrenergic α(2C) receptor. Brain Res Bull 107: 89-101 [PMID:25080296]
  270. Lakhlani PP, Amenta F, Napoleone P, Felici L and Eikenburg DC. (1994) Pharmacological characterization and anatomical localization of prejunctional beta-adrenoceptors in the rat kidney. Br J Pharmacol 111: 1296-1308 [PMID:8032617]
  271. Lakhlani PP, MacMillan LB, Guo TZ, McCool BA, Lovinger DM, Maze M and Limbird LE. (1997) Substitution of a mutant alpha2a-adrenergic receptor via "hit and run" gene targeting reveals the role of this subtype in sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic-sparing responses in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9950-5 [PMID:9275232]
  272. Lands AM, Arnold A, McAuliff JP, Luduena FP and Brown Jr TG. (1967) Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomimetic amines. Nature 214: 597-8 [PMID:6036174]
  273. Lanier SM, Downing S, Duzic E and Homcy CJ. (1991) Isolation of rat genomic clones encoding subtypes of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Identification of a unique receptor subtype. J Biol Chem 266: 10470-8 [PMID:1645350]
  274. Large V, Arner P, Reynisdottir S, Grober J, Van Harmelen V, Holm C and Langin D. (1998) Hormone-sensitive lipase expression and activity in relation to lipolysis in human fat cells. J Lipid Res 39: 1688-1695 [PMID:9717730]
  275. LaRocca TJ, Schwarzkopf M, Altman P, Zhang S, Gupta A, Gomes I, Alvin Z, Champion HC, Haddad G and Hajjar RJ et al.. (2010) β2-Adrenergic receptor signaling in the cardiac myocyte is modulated by interactions with CXCR4. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 56: 548-59 [PMID:20729750]
  276. Lavoie C and Hébert TE. (2003) Pharmacological characterization of putative beta1-beta2-adrenergic receptor heterodimers. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 81: 186-95 [PMID:12710533]
  277. Lavoie C, Mercier JF, Salahpour A, Umapathy D, Breit A, Villeneuve LR, Zhu WZ, Xiao RP, Lakatta EG and Bouvier M et al.. (2002) Beta 1/beta 2-adrenergic receptor heterodimerization regulates beta 2-adrenergic receptor internalization and ERK signaling efficacy. J Biol Chem 277: 35402-10 [PMID:12140284]
  278. Lee D, Robeva A, Chen Z and Minneman KP. (2003) Mutational uncoupling of alpha1A-adrenergic receptors from G proteins also uncouples mitogenic and transcriptional responses in PC12 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 306: 471-7 [PMID:12724349]
  279. Leech CJ and Faber JE. (1996) Different alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediate constriction of arterioles and venules. Am J Physiol 270: H710-22 [PMID:8779849]
  280. Leineweber K, Büscher R, Bruck H and Brodde OE. (2004) Beta-adrenoceptor polymorphisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 369: 1-22 [PMID:14647973]
  281. Leiphart JW, Dills CV and Levy RM. (2004) Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain. J Neurosurg 101: 641-7 [PMID:15481719]
  282. Lelias JM, Kaghad M, Rodriguez M, Chalon P, Bonnin J, Dupre I, Delpech B, Bensaid M, LeFur G and Ferrara P et al.. (1993) Molecular cloning of a human beta 3-adrenergic receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett 324: 127-30 [PMID:8389717]
  283. Leonardi A, Hieble JP, Guarneri L, Naselsky DP, Poggesi E, Sironi G, Sulpizio AC and Testa R. (1997) Pharmacological characterization of the uroselective alpha-1 antagonist Rec 15/2739 (SB 216469): role of the alpha-1L adrenoceptor in tissue selectivity, part I. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281: 1272-83 [PMID:9190863]
  284. Leppik RA, Lazareno S, Mynett A and Birdsall NJ. (1998) Characterization of the allosteric interactions between antagonists and amiloride analogues at the human alpha2A-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 53: 916-25 [PMID:9584219]
  285. Li F, De Godoy M and Rattan S. (2004) Role of adenylate and guanylate cyclases in beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of internal anal sphincter smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308: 1111-20 [PMID:14711933]
  286. Li YF, Cao XJ, Bai XY, Lin SP and Shi ST. (2010) Change of expression of renal alpha1-adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II receptor subtypes with aging in rats. Aging Clin Exp Res 22: 123-8 [PMID:20440098]
  287. Liapakis G, Chan WC, Papadokostaki M and Javitch JA. (2004) Synergistic contributions of the functional groups of epinephrine to its affinity and efficacy at the beta2 adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 65: 1181-90 [PMID:15102946]
  288. Liggett SB. (2003) Polymorphisms of adrenergic receptors: variations on a theme. Assay Drug Dev Technol 1: 317-26 [PMID:15090197]
  289. Lima V, Mueller A, Kamikihara SY, Raymundi V, Alewood D, Lewis RJ, Chen Z, Minneman KP and Pupo AS. (2005) Differential antagonism by conotoxin rho-TIA of contractions mediated by distinct alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat vas deferens, spleen and aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 508: 183-92 [PMID:15680270]
  290. Limbird LE. (1988) Receptors linked to inhibition of adenylate cyclase: additional signaling mechanisms. FASEB J 2: 2686-95 [PMID:2840317]
  291. Lin F, Owens WA, Chen S, Stevens ME, Kesteven S, Arthur JF, Woodcock EA, Feneley MP and Graham RM. (2001) Targeted alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor overexpression induces enhanced cardiac contractility but not hypertrophy. Circ Res 89: 343-50 [PMID:11509451]
  292. Link R, Daunt D, Barsh G, Chruscinski A and Kobilka B. (1992) Cloning of two mouse genes encoding alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes and identification of a single amino acid in the mouse alpha 2-C10 homolog responsible for an interspecies variation in antagonist binding. Mol Pharmacol 42: 16-27 [PMID:1353249]
  293. Link RE, Desai K, Hein L, Stevens ME, Chruscinski A, Bernstein D, Barsh GS and Kobilka BK. (1996) Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science 273: 803-5 [PMID:8670422]
  294. Liu CM, Lo YC, Wu BN, Wu WJ, Chou YH, Huang CH, An LM and Chen IJ. (2007) cGMP-enhancing- and alpha1A/alpha1D-adrenoceptor blockade-derived inhibition of Rho-kinase by KMUP-1 provides optimal prostate relaxation and epithelial cell anti-proliferation efficacy. Prostate 67: 1397-410 [PMID:17639498]
  295. Liu F, He K, Yang X, Xu N, Liang Z, Xu M, Zhao X, Han Q and Zhang Y. (2011) α1A-adrenergic receptor induces activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 through endocytic pathway. PLoS ONE 6: e21520 [PMID:21738688]
  296. Liu JJ, Horst R, Katritch V, Stevens RC and Wüthrich K. (2012) Biased signaling pathways in β2-adrenergic receptor characterized by 19F-NMR. Science 335: 1106-10 [PMID:22267580]
  297. Liu X, Kaindl J, Korczynska M, Stößel A, Dengler D, Stanek M, Hübner H, Clark MJ, Mahoney J and Matt RA et al.. (2020) An allosteric modulator binds to a conformational hub in the β2 adrenergic receptor. Nat Chem Biol 16: 749-755 [PMID:32483378]
  298. Liu YL, Nwosu UC and Rice PJ. (1998) Relaxation of isolated human myometrial muscle by beta2-adrenergic receptors but not beta1-adrenergic receptors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179: 895-8 [PMID:9790366]
  299. Lomasney JW, Cotecchia S, Lorenz W, Leung WY, Schwinn DA, Yang-Feng TL, Brownstein M, Lefkowitz RJ and Caron MG. (1991) Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the alpha 1A-adrenergic receptor. The gene for which is located on human chromosome 5. J Biol Chem 266: 6365-9 [PMID:1706716]
  300. Lonnqvist F, Krief S, Strosberg AD, Nyberg S, Emorine LJ and Arner P. (1993) Evidence for a functional beta 3-adrenoceptor in man. Br J Pharmacol 110: 929-936 [PMID:7905344]
  301. Louis SN, Nero TL, Iakovidis D, Jackman GP and Louis WJ. (1999) LK 204-545, a highly selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist at human beta-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 367: 431-5 [PMID:10079020]
  302. Lyssand JS, DeFino MC, Tang XB, Hertz AL, Feller DB, Wacker JL, Adams ME and Hague C. (2008) Blood pressure is regulated by an alpha1D-adrenergic receptor/dystrophin signalosome. J Biol Chem 283: 18792-800 [PMID:18468998]
  303. Lyssand JS, Lee KS, DeFino M, Adams ME and Hague C. (2011) Syntrophin isoforms play specific functional roles in the α1D-adrenergic receptor/DAPC signalosome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 412: 596-601 [PMID:21846462]
  304. Lyssand JS, Whiting JL, Lee KS, Kastl R, Wacker JL, Bruchas MR, Miyatake M, Langeberg LK, Chavkin C and Scott JD et al.. (2010) Alpha-dystrobrevin-1 recruits alpha-catulin to the alpha1D-adrenergic receptor/dystrophin-associated protein complex signalosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 21854-9 [PMID:21115837]
  305. MacDonald E, Kobilka BK and Scheinin M. (1997) Gene targeting--homing in on alpha 2-adrenoceptor-subtype function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 18: 211-9 [PMID:9227000]
  306. Machida CA, Bunzow JR, Searles RP, Van Tol H, Tester B, Neve KA, Teal P, Nipper V and Civelli O. (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of the rat beta 1-adrenergic receptor gene. J Biol Chem 265: 12960-5 [PMID:1695899]
  307. Mackenzie JF, Daly CJ, Pediani JD and McGrath JC. (2000) Quantitative imaging in live human cells reveals intracellular alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ligand-binding sites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 294: 434-43 [PMID:10900216]
  308. MacLennan SJ, Luong LA, Jasper JR, To ZP and Eglen RM. (1997) Characterization of alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediating contraction of dog saphenous vein: identity with the human alpha 2A subtype. Br J Pharmacol 121: 1721-9 [PMID:9283709]
  309. MacMillan LB, Hein L, Smith MS, Piascik MT and Limbird LE. (1996) Central hypotensive effects of the alpha2a-adrenergic receptor subtype. Science 273: 801-3 [PMID:8670421]
  310. Makaritsis KP, Handy DE, Johns C, Kobilka B, Gavras I and Gavras H. (1999) Role of the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension 33: 14-7 [PMID:9931075]
  311. Malloy BJ, Price DT, Price RR, Bienstock AM, Dole MK, Funk BL, Rudner XL, Richardson CD, Donatucci CF and Schwinn DA. (1998) Alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human detrusor. J Urol 160: 937-43 [PMID:9720591]
  312. Manglik A, Kim TH, Masureel M, Altenbach C, Yang Z, Hilger D, Lerch MT, Kobilka TS, Thian FS and Hubbell WL et al.. (2015) Structural Insights into the Dynamic Process of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. Cell 161: 1101-11 [PMID:25981665]
  313. Maqbool A, Hall AS, Ball SG and Balmforth AJ. (1999) Common polymorphisms of beta1-adrenoceptor: identification and rapid screening assay. Lancet 353: 897 [PMID:10093986]
  314. Mason DA, Moore JD, Green SA and Liggett SB. (1999) A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 274: 12670-4 [PMID:10212248]
  315. Matsushita M, Horinouchi T, Tanaka Y, Tsuru H and Koike K. (2003) Characterization of beta 3-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in rat abdominal aorta smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 482: 235-44 [PMID:14660028]
  316. Maudsley S, Pierce KL, Zamah AM, Miller WE, Ahn S, Daaka Y, Lefkowitz RJ and Luttrell LM. (2000) The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mediates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation via assembly of a multi-receptor complex with the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 275: 9572-80 [PMID:10734107]
  317. Maïga A, Merlin J, Marcon E, Rouget C, Larregola M, Gilquin B, Fruchart-Gaillard C, Lajeunesse E, Marchetti C and Lorphelin A et al.. (2013) Orthosteric binding of ρ-Da1a, a natural peptide of snake venom interacting selectively with the α1A-adrenoceptor. PLoS ONE 8: e68841 [PMID:23935897]
  318. McCune D, Gaivin R, Rorabaugh B and Perez D. (2004) Bulk is a determinant of oxymetazoline affinity for the alpha1A-adrenergic receptor. Recept Channels 10: 109-16 [PMID:15512845]
  319. McGraw DW, Forbes SL, Kramer LA, Witte DP, Fortner CN, Paul RJ and Liggett SB. (1999) Transgenic overexpression of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle alters myocyte function and ablates bronchial hyperreactivity. J Biol Chem 274: 32241-7 [PMID:10542262]
  320. McGraw DW, Mihlbachler KA, Schwarb MR, Rahman FF, Small KM, Almoosa KF and Liggett SB. (2006) Airway smooth muscle prostaglandin-EP1 receptors directly modulate beta2-adrenergic receptors within a unique heterodimeric complex. J Clin Invest 116: 1400-9 [PMID:16670773]
  321. McVey M, Ramsay D, Kellett E, Rees S, Wilson S, Pope AJ and Milligan G. (2001) Monitoring receptor oligomerization using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. The human delta -opioid receptor displays constitutive oligomerization at the cell surface, which is not regulated by receptor occupancy. J Biol Chem 276: 14092-9 [PMID:11278447]
  322. Melis MG, Secchi G, Brizzi P, Severino C, Maioli M and Tonolo G. (2002) The Trp64Arg beta3-adrenergic receptor amino acid variant confers increased sensitivity to the pressor effects of noradrenaline in Sardinian subjects. Clin Sci 103: 397-402 [PMID:12241539]
  323. Mendes FR, Hamamura M, Queiróz DB, Porto CS and Avellar MC. (2004) Effects of androgen manipulation on alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat seminal vesicle. Life Sci 75: 1449-63 [PMID:15240180]
  324. Mercier JF, Salahpour A, Angers S, Breit A and Bouvier M. (2002) Quantitative assessment of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor homo- and heterodimerization by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. J Biol Chem 277: 44925-31 [PMID:12244098]
  325. Methven L, McBride M, Wallace GA and McGrath JC. (2009) The alpha 1B/D-adrenoceptor knockout mouse permits isolation of the vascular alpha 1A-adrenoceptor and elucidates its relationship to the other subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 158: 209-24 [PMID:19572943]
  326. Methven L, Simpson PC and McGrath JC. (2009) Alpha1A/B-knockout mice explain the native alpha1D-adrenoceptor's role in vasoconstriction and show that its location is independent of the other alpha1-subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 158: 1663-75 [PMID:19888965]
  327. Meyer MD, Altenbach RJ, Basha FZ, Carroll WA, Drizin I, Elmore SW, Ehrlich PP, Lebold SA, Tietje K and Sippy KB et al.. (1997) Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of 3-[2-((3aR,9bR)-cis-6-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e] isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]pyrido-[3',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4 (1H,3H)-dione (A-131701): a uroselective alpha 1A adrenoceptor antagonist for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Med Chem 40: 3141-3 [PMID:9379432]
  328. Mhaouty-Kodja S, Lozach A, Habert R, Tanneux M, Guigon C, Brailly-Tabard S, Maltier JP and Legrand-Maltier C. (2007) Fertility and spermatogenesis are altered in {alpha}1b-adrenergic receptor knockout male mice. J Endocrinol 195: 281-92 [PMID:17951539]
  329. Michel AD, Loury DN and Whiting RL. (1990) Assessment of imiloxan as a selective alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 99: 560-4 [PMID:1970500]
  330. Michel AD, Loury DN and Whiting RL. (1989) Differences between the alpha 2-adrenoceptor in rat submaxillary gland and the alpha 2A-and alpha 2B-adrenoceptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 98: 890-7 [PMID:2556205]
  331. Michel MC and Korstanje C. (2016) β3-Adrenoceptor agonists for overactive bladder syndrome: Role of translational pharmacology in a repositioning clinical drug development project. Pharmacol Ther 159: 66-82 [PMID:26808167]
  332. Michel MC, Ochodnicky P and Summers RJ. (2010) Tissue functions mediated by beta(3)-adrenoceptors-findings and challenges. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 382: 103-8 [PMID:20517594]
  333. Michelotti GA, Brinkley DM, Morris DP, Smith MP, Louie RJ and Schwinn DA. (2007) Epigenetic regulation of human alpha1d-adrenergic receptor gene expression: a role for DNA methylation in Sp1-dependent regulation. FASEB J 21: 1979-93 [PMID:17384146]
  334. Michelotti GA, Price DT and Schwinn DA. (2000) Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor regulation: basic science and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 88: 281-309 [PMID:11337028]
  335. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA and Newman-Tancredi A. (2002) Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303: 791-804 [PMID:12388666]
  336. Minarini A, Budriesi R, Chiarini A, Leonardi A and Melchiorre C. (1998) Search for alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes selective antagonists: design, synthesis and biological activity of cystazosin, an alpha 1D-adrenoceptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8: 1353-8 [PMID:9871765]
  337. Minneman KP, Han C and Abel PW. (1988) Comparison of α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes distinguished by chloroethylclonidine and WB4101. Mol Pharmacol 33: 509-514 [PMID:2835650]
  338. Minneman KP, Hegstrand LR and Molinoff PB. (1979) The pharmacological specificity of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors in rat heart and lung in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 16: 21-33 [PMID:39243]
  339. Minneman KP, Theroux TL, Hollinger S, Han C and Esbenshade TA. (1994) Selectivity of agonists for cloned alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 46: 929-36 [PMID:7969082]
  340. Mishima K, Tanoue A, Tsuda M, Hasebe N, Fukue Y, Egashira N, Takano Y, Kamiya HO, Tsujimoto G and Iwasaki K et al.. (2004) Characteristics of behavioral abnormalities in alpha1d-adrenoceptors deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 152: 365-73 [PMID:15196805]
  341. Mistry SN, Baker JG, Fischer PM, Hill SJ, Gardiner SM and Kellam B. (2013) Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characterization of highly β1-selective β-adrenoceptor partial agonists. J Med Chem 56: 3852-65 [PMID:23614528]
  342. Mizusawa H, Hedlund P, Sjunnesson J, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP and Andersson KE. (2002) Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 136: 701-8 [PMID:12086979]
  343. Mohl MC, Iismaa SE, Xiao XH, Friedrich O, Wagner S, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Wu J, Yu ZY, Feneley M and Fatkin D et al.. (2011) Regulation of murine cardiac contractility by activation of α(1A)-adrenergic receptor-operated Ca(2+) entry. Cardiovasc Res 91: 310-9 [PMID:21546445]
  344. Molderings GJ and Göthert M. (1995) Subtype determination of presynaptic alpha 2-autoreceptors in the rabbit pulmonary artery and human saphenous vein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 352: 483-90 [PMID:8751076]
  345. Molenaar P, Sarsero D, Arch JR, Kelly J, Henson SM and Kaumann AJ. (1997) Effects of (-)-RO363 at human atrial beta-adrenoceptor subtypes, the human cloned beta 3-adrenoceptor and rodent intestinal beta 3-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 120: 165-76 [PMID:9117106]
  346. Molina-Muñoz T, Romero-Avila MT, Avendaño-Vázquez SE and García-Sáinz JA. (2008) Phosphorylation, desensitization and internalization of human alpha1B-adrenoceptors induced by insulin-like growth factor-I. Eur J Pharmacol 578: 1-10 [PMID:17915215]
  347. Morishima S, Tanaka T, Yamamoto H, Suzuki F, Akino H, Yokoyama O and Muramatsu I. (2007) Identification of alpha-1L and alpha-1A adrenoceptors in human prostate by tissue segment binding. J Urol 177: 377-81 [PMID:17162094]
  348. Morris DP, Price RR, Smith MP, Lei B and Schwinn DA. (2004) Cellular trafficking of human alpha1a-adrenergic receptors is continuous and primarily agonist-independent. Mol Pharmacol 66: 843-54 [PMID:15258254]
  349. Morrow AL and Creese I. (1986) Characterization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in rat brain: a reevaluation of [3H]WB4104 and [3H]prazosin binding. Mol Pharmacol 29: 321-30 [PMID:3010073]
  350. Moukhametzianov R, Warne T, Edwards PC, Serrano-Vega MJ, Leslie AG, Tate CG and Schertler GF. (2011) Two distinct conformations of helix 6 observed in antagonist-bound structures of a beta1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 8228-32 [PMID:21540331]
  351. Munk SA, Harcourt D, Ambrus G, Denys L, Gluchowski C, Burke JA, Kharlamb AB, Manlapaz CA, Padillo EU and Runde E et al.. (1996) Synthesis and evaluation of 2-[(5-methylbenz-1-ox-4-azin-6-yl)imino]imidazoline, a potent, peripherally acting alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist. J Med Chem 39: 3533-8 [PMID:8784451]
  352. Muramatsu I, Ohmura T, Hashimoto S and Oshita M. (1995) Functional subclassification of vascular α1-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Commun 6: 23-28
  353. Muramatsu I, Oshita M, Ohmura T, Kigoshi S, Akino H, Gobara M and Okada K. (1994) Pharmacological characterization of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostate: functional and binding studies. Br J Urol 74: 572-8 [PMID:7530120]
  354. Murphy TJ and Bylund DB. (1988) Characterization of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the OK cell, an opossum kidney cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244: 571-8 [PMID:2894455]
  355. Muzzin P, Revelli JP, Kuhne F, Gocayne JD, McCombie WR, Venter JC, Giacobino JP and Fraser CM. (1991) An adipose tissue-specific beta-adrenergic receptor. Molecular cloning and down-regulation in obesity. J Biol Chem 266: 24053-8 [PMID:1721063]
  356. Méjean A, Guillaume JL and Strosberg AD. (1995) Carazolol: a potent, selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 291: 359-66 [PMID:8719421]
  357. Nagaoka Y, Ahmed M, Hossain M, Bhuiyan MA, Ishiguro M, Nakamura T, Watanabe M and Nagatomo T. (2008) Amino acids of the human alpha1d-adrenergic receptor involved in antagonist binding. J Pharmacol Sci 106: 114-20 [PMID:18187928]
  358. Nahmias C, Blin N, Elalouf JM, Mattei MG, Strosberg AD and Emorine LJ. (1991) Molecular characterization of the mouse beta 3-adrenergic receptor: relationship with the atypical receptor of adipocytes. EMBO J 10: 3721-7 [PMID:1718744]
  359. Nalepa I, Vetulani J, Borghi V, Kowalska M, Przewłocka B and Pavone F. (2005) Formalin hindpaw injection induces changes in the [3H]prazosin binding to alpha1-adrenoceptors in specific regions of the mouse brain and spinal cord. J Neural Transm 112: 1309-19 [PMID:15719155]
  360. Nasrollahi-Shirazi S, Sucic S, Yang Q, Freissmuth M and Nanoff C. (2016) Comparison of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Landiolol and Esmolol: Receptor Selectivity, Partial Agonism, and Pharmacochaperoning Actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 359: 73-81 [PMID:27451411]
  361. Neubig RR, Gantzos RD and Brasier RS. (1985) Agonist and antagonist binding to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in purified membranes from human platelets. Implications of receptor-inhibitory nucleotide-binding protein stoichiometry. Mol Pharmacol 28: 475-86 [PMID:2865672]
  362. Nicholas AP, Hökfelt T and Pieribone VA. (1996) The distribution and significance of CNS adrenoceptors examined with in situ hybridization. Trends Pharmacol Sci 17: 245-55 [PMID:8756183]
  363. Nicholson R, Dixon AK, Spanswick D and Lee K. (2005) Noradrenergic receptor mRNA expression in adult rat superficial dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci Lett 380: 316-21 [PMID:15862909]
  364. Nonen S, Okamoto H, Fujio Y, Takemoto Y, Yoshiyama M, Hamaguchi T, Matsui Y, Yoshikawa J, Kitabatake A and Azuma J. (2008) Polymorphisms of norepinephrine transporter and adrenergic receptor alpha1D are associated with the response to beta-blockers in dilated cardiomyopathy. Pharmacogenomics J 8: 78-84 [PMID:17404580]
  365. Nourian Z, Mow T, Muftic D, Burek S, Pedersen ML, Matz J and Mulvany MJ. (2008) Orthostatic hypotensive effect of antipsychotic drugs in Wistar rats by in vivo and in vitro studies of alpha1-adrenoceptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 199: 15-27 [PMID:18542932]
  366. Nygaard R, Zou Y, Dror RO, Mildorf TJ, Arlow DH, Manglik A, Pan AC, Liu CW, Fung JJ and Bokoch MP et al.. (2013) The dynamic process of β(2)-adrenergic receptor activation. Cell 152: 532-42 [PMID:23374348]
  367. O'Rourke MF, Iversen LJ, Lomasney JW and Bylund DB. (1994) Species orthologs of the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor: the pharmacological properties of the bovine and rat receptors differ from the human and porcine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271: 735-40 [PMID:7965790]
  368. Obika K, Shibata K, Horie K, Foglar R, Kimura K and Tsujimoto G. (1995) NS-49, a novel alpha 1a-adrenoceptor-selective agonist characterization using recombinant human alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 291: 327-34 [PMID:8719417]
  369. Ochoa MC, Marti A, Azcona C, Chueca M, Oyarzábal M, Pelach R, Patiño A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez-González MA and Martínez JA et al.. (2004) Gene-gene interaction between PPAR gamma 2 and ADR beta 3 increases obesity risk in children and adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28 Suppl 3: S37-41 [PMID:15543217]
  370. Ohmura T, Oshita M, Kigoshi S and Muramatsu I. (1992) Identification of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat vas deferens: binding and functional studies. Br J Pharmacol 107: 697-704 [PMID:1361871]
  371. Oostendorp J, Preitner F, Moffatt J, Jimenez M, Giacobino JP, Molenaar P and Kaumann AJ. (2000) Contribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes to relaxation of colon and oesophagus and pacemaker activity of ureter in wildtype and beta(3)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol 130: 747-58 [PMID:10864880]
  372. Oshita M, Kigoshi S and Muramatsu I. (1991) Three distinct binding sites for [3H]-prazosin in the rat cerebral cortex. Br J Pharmacol 104: 961-5 [PMID:1687370]
  373. Ozdoğan UK, Lähdesmäki J, Mansikka H and Scheinin M. (2004) Loss of amitriptyline analgesia in alpha 2A-adrenoceptor deficient mice. Eur J Pharmacol 485: 193-6 [PMID:14757140]
  374. Papay R, Gaivin R, Jha A, McCune DF, McGrath JC, Rodrigo MC, Simpson PC, Doze VA and Perez DM. (2006) Localization of the mouse alpha1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) in the brain: alpha1AAR is expressed in neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and NG2 oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Comp Neurol 497: 209-22 [PMID:16705673]
  375. Papay R, Gaivin R, McCune DF, Rorabaugh BR, Macklin WB, McGrath JC and Perez DM. (2004) Mouse alpha1B-adrenergic receptor is expressed in neurons and NG2 oligodendrocytes. J Comp Neurol 478: 1-10 [PMID:15334645]
  376. Papay R, Zuscik MJ, Ross SA, Yun J, McCune DF, Gonzalez-Cabrera P, Gaivin R, Drazba J and Perez DM. (2002) Mice expressing the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor induces a synucleinopathy with excessive tyrosine nitration but decreased phosphorylation. J Neurochem 83: 623-34 [PMID:12390524]
  377. Papay RS, Shi T, Piascik MT, Naga Prasad SV and Perez DM. (2013) α₁A-adrenergic receptors regulate cardiac hypertrophy in vivo through interleukin-6 secretion. Mol Pharmacol 83: 939-48 [PMID:23404509]
  378. Parkman HP, Jacobs MR, Mishra A, Hurdle JA, Sachdeva P, Gaughan JP and Krynetskiy E. (2011) Domperidone treatment for gastroparesis: demographic and pharmacogenetic characterization of clinical efficacy and side-effects. Dig Dis Sci 56: 115-24 [PMID:21063774]
  379. Parmentier JH, Gandhi GK, Wiggins MT, Saeed AE, Bourgoin SG and Malik KU. (2004) Protein kinase Czeta regulates phospholipase D activity in rat-1 fibroblasts expressing the alpha1A adrenergic receptor. BMC Cell Biol 5: 4 [PMID:14736339]
  380. Patane MA, Scott AL, Broten TP, Chang RS, Ransom RW, DiSalvo J, Forray C and Bock MG. (1998) 4-Amino-2-[4-[1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2(S)- [[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-piperazinyl]-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline (L-765,314): a potent and selective alpha1b adrenergic receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 41: 1205-8 [PMID:9548811]
  381. Paton DM. (1976) Adrenergic innervation of the oviduct in the regulation of ovum transport. Res Reprod 8: 3 [PMID:1251089]
  382. Pauwels PJ, Gommeren W, Van Lommen G, Janssen PA and Leysen JE. (1988) The receptor binding profile of the new antihypertensive agent nebivolol and its stereoisomers compared with various beta-adrenergic blockers. Mol Pharmacol 34: 843-51 [PMID:2462161]
  383. Pauwels PJ, Rauly I and Wurch T. (2003) Dissimilar pharmacological responses by a new series of imidazoline derivatives at precoupled and ligand-activated alpha 2A-adrenoceptor states: evidence for effector pathway-dependent differential antagonism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305: 1015-23 [PMID:12649300]
  384. Peltonen JM, Pihlavisto M and Scheinin M. (1998) Subtype-specific stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding by recombinant alpha2-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 355: 275-9 [PMID:9760042]
  385. Perez DM, Piascik MT and Graham RM. (1991) Solution-phase library screening for the identification of rare clones: isolation of an alpha 1D-adrenergic receptor cDNA. Mol Pharmacol 40: 876-83 [PMID:1661838]
  386. Perälä M, Hirvonen H, Kalimo H, Ala-Uotila S, Regan JW, Akerman KE and Scheinin M. (1992) Differential expression of two alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype mRNAs in human tissues. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 16: 57-63 [PMID:1334200]
  387. Petrovska R, Kapa I, Klovins J, Schiöth HB and Uhlén S. (2005) Addition of a signal peptide sequence to the alpha1D-adrenoceptor gene increases the density of receptors, as determined by [3H]-prazosin binding in the membranes. Br J Pharmacol 144: 651-9 [PMID:15678090]
  388. Piascik MT, Guarino RD, Smith MS, Soltis EE, Saussy Jr DL and Perez DM. (1995) The specific contribution of the novel alpha-1D adrenoceptor to the contraction of vascular smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 275: 1583-9 [PMID:8531132]
  389. Piascik MT, Hrometz SL, Edelmann SE, Guarino RD, Hadley RW and Brown RD. (1997) Immunocytochemical localization of the alpha-1B adrenergic receptor and the contribution of this and the other subtypes to vascular smooth muscle contraction: analysis with selective ligands and antisense oligonucleotides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283: 854-68 [PMID:9353407]
  390. Pihlavisto M, Sjöholm B, Scheinin M and Wurster S. (1998) Modulation of agonist binding to recombinant human alpha2-adrenoceptors by sodium ions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1448: 135-46 [PMID:9824686]
  391. Piletz JE, Zhu H and Chikkala DN. (1996) Comparison of ligand binding affinities at human I1-imidazoline binding sites and the high affinity state of alpha-2 adrenoceptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279: 694-702 [PMID:8930173]
  392. Piétri-Rouxel F, Lenzen G, Kapoor A, Drumare MF, Archimbault P, Strosberg AD and Manning BS. (1995) Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of the bovine beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Eur J Biochem 230: 350-8 [PMID:7601122]
  393. Popp BD, Hutchinson DS, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2004) Stereoselectivity for interactions of agonists and antagonists at mouse, rat and human beta3-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 484: 323-31 [PMID:14744619]
  394. Potter DE. (1981) Adrenergic pharmacology of aqueous humor dynamics. Pharmacol Rev 33: 133-53 [PMID:7323134]
  395. Price DT, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG, Berkowitz D and Schwinn DA. (1994) Localization of mRNA for three distinct alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human tissues: implications for human alpha-adrenergic physiology. Mol Pharmacol 45: 171-5 [PMID:8114668]
  396. Procopiou PA, Barrett VJ, Bevan NJ, Biggadike K, Box PC, Butchers PR, Coe DM, Conroy R, Emmons A and Ford AJ et al.. (2010) Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists incorporating metabolic inactivation: an antedrug approach. J Med Chem 53: 4522-30 [PMID:20462258]
  397. Proudman RGW, Akinaga J and Baker JG. (2022) The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants and antipsychotics for the human α2A, α2B, and α2C-adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 10: e00936 [PMID:35224877]
  398. Proudman RGW, Akinaga J and Baker JG. (2022) The signaling and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor agonists for the human α2A, α2B and α2C-adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 10: e01003 [PMID:36101495]
  399. Proudman RGW and Baker JG. (2021) The selectivity of α-adrenoceptor agonists for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 9: e00799 [PMID:34355529]
  400. Proudman RGW, Pupo AS and Baker JG. (2020) The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 8: e00602 [PMID:32608144]
  401. Putzke C, Wemhöner K, Sachse FB, Rinné S, Schlichthörl G, Li XT, Jaé L, Eckhardt I, Wischmeyer E and Wulf H et al.. (2007) The acid-sensitive potassium channel TASK-1 in rat cardiac muscle. Cardiovasc Res 75: 59-68 [PMID:17389142]
  402. Pönicke K, Heinroth-Hoffmann I and Brodde OE. (2003) Role of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in hypertrophic and apoptotic effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367: 592-9 [PMID:12750877]
  403. Queiróz DB, Mendes FR, Porto CS and Avellar MC. (2002) Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat epididymis and the effects of sexual maturation. Biol Reprod 66: 508-15 [PMID:11804969]
  404. Quinton L, Girard E, Maiga A, Rekik M, Lluel P, Masuyer G, Larregola M, Marquer C, Ciolek J and Magnin T et al.. (2010) Isolation and pharmacological characterization of AdTx1, a natural peptide displaying specific insurmountable antagonism of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 159: 316-25 [PMID:20015090]
  405. Ragnarsson L, Wang CI, Andersson Å, Fajarningsih D, Monks T, Brust A, Rosengren KJ and Lewis RJ. (2013) Conopeptide ρ-TIA defines a new allosteric site on the extracellular surface of the α1B-adrenoceptor. J Biol Chem 288: 1814-27 [PMID:23184947]
  406. Ramarao CS, Denker JM, Perez DM, Gaivin RJ, Riek RP and Graham RM. (1992) Genomic organization and expression of the human alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 267: 21936-45 [PMID:1328250]
  407. Ramis JM, González-Sánchez JL, Proenza AM, Martínez-Larrad MT, Fernández-Pérez C, Palou A and Serrano-Ríos M. (2004) The Arg64 allele of the beta 3-adrenoceptor gene but not the -3826G allele of the uncoupling protein 1 gene is associated with increased leptin levels in the Spanish population. Metab Clin Exp 53: 1411-6 [PMID:15536594]
  408. Ramsay D, Carr IC, Pediani J, Lopez-Gimenez JF, Thurlow R, Fidock M and Milligan G. (2004) High-affinity interactions between human alpha1A-adrenoceptor C-terminal splice variants produce homo- and heterodimers but do not generate the alpha1L-adrenoceptor. Mol Pharmacol 66: 228-39 [PMID:15266013]
  409. Ranade K, Jorgenson E, Sheu WH, Pei D, Hsiung CA, Chiang FT, Chen YD, Pratt R, Olshen RA and Curb D et al.. (2002) A polymorphism in the beta1 adrenergic receptor is associated with resting heart rate. Am J Hum Genet 70: 935-42 [PMID:11854867]
  410. Rasmussen SG, Choi HJ, Fung JJ, Pardon E, Casarosa P, Chae PS, Devree BT, Rosenbaum DM, Thian FS and Kobilka TS et al.. (2011) Structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β(2) adrenoceptor. Nature 469: 175-80 [PMID:21228869]
  411. Rasmussen SG, Choi HJ, Rosenbaum DM, Kobilka TS, Thian FS, Edwards PC, Burghammer M, Ratnala VR, Sanishvili R and Fischetti RF et al.. (2007) Crystal structure of the human beta2 adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature 450: 383-7 [PMID:17952055]
  412. Rasmussen SG, DeVree BT, Zou Y, Kruse AC, Chung KY, Kobilka TS, Thian FS, Chae PS, Pardon E and Calinski D et al.. (2011) Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex. Nature 477: 549-55 [PMID:21772288]
  413. Regan JW, Kobilka TS, Yang-Feng TL, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ and Kobilka BK. (1988) Cloning and expression of a human kidney cDNA for an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6301-5 [PMID:2842764]
  414. Rivard K, Trépanier-Boulay V, Rindt H and Fiset C. (2009) Electrical remodeling in a transgenic mouse model of alpha1B-adrenergic receptor overexpression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H704-18 [PMID:19112097]
  415. Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Calvo-Ochoa E, Kalashnikova EV, Reyes-Cruz G, Romero-Avila MT and García-Sáinz JA. (2009) Receptor tyrosine kinases regulate alpha1D-adrenoceptor signaling properties: phosphorylation and desensitization. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41: 1276-83 [PMID:19038360]
  416. Rohrer DK, Chruscinski A, Schauble EH, Bernstein D and Kobilka BK. (1999) Cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in mice lacking both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 274: 16701-8 [PMID:10358009]
  417. Rohrer DK, Desai KH, Jasper JR, Stevens ME, Regula Jr DP, Barsh GS, Bernstein D and Kobilka BK. (1996) Targeted disruption of the mouse beta1-adrenergic receptor gene: developmental and cardiovascular effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7375-80 [PMID:8693001]
  418. Rohrer DK, Schauble EH, Desai KH, Kobilka BK and Bernstein D. (1998) Alterations in dynamic heart rate control in the beta 1-adrenergic receptor knockout mouse. Am J Physiol 274: H1184-93 [PMID:9575921]
  419. Rokosh DG and Simpson PC. (2002) Knockout of the alpha 1A/C-adrenergic receptor subtype: the alpha 1A/C is expressed in resistance arteries and is required to maintain arterial blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 9474-9 [PMID:12093905]
  420. Rorabaugh BR, Ross SA, Gaivin RJ, Papay RS, McCune DF, Simpson PC and Perez DM. (2005) alpha1A- but not alpha1B-adrenergic receptors precondition the ischemic heart by a staurosporine-sensitive, chelerythrine-insensitive mechanism. Cardiovasc Res 65: 436-45 [PMID:15639483]
  421. Rosenbaum DM, Zhang C, Lyons JA, Holl R, Aragao D, Arlow DH, Rasmussen SG, Choi HJ, Devree BT and Sunahara RK et al.. (2011) Structure and function of an irreversible agonist-β(2) adrenoceptor complex. Nature 469: 236-40 [PMID:21228876]
  422. Rosengren AH, Jokubka R, Tojjar D, Granhall C, Hansson O, Li DQ, Nagaraj V, Reinbothe TM, Tuncel J and Eliasson L et al.. (2010) Overexpression of alpha2A-adrenergic receptors contributes to type 2 diabetes. Science 327: 217-20 [PMID:19965390]
  423. Ross SA, Rorabaugh BR, Chalothorn D, Yun J, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, McCune DF, Piascik MT and Perez DM. (2003) The alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor decreases the inotropic response in the mouse Langendorff heart model. Cardiovasc Res 60: 598-607 [PMID:14659805]
  424. Rouget C, Bardou M, Breuiller-Fouché M, Loustalot C, Qi H, Naline E, Croci T, Cabrol D, Advenier C and Leroy MJ. (2005) Beta3-adrenoceptor is the predominant beta-adrenoceptor subtype in human myometrium and its expression is up-regulated in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1644-50 [PMID:15585565]
  425. Rudner XL, Berkowitz DE, Booth JV, Funk BL, Cozart KL, D'Amico EB, El-Moalem H, Page SO, Richardson CD and Winters B et al.. (1999) Subtype specific regulation of human vascular alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors by vessel bed and age. Circulation 100: 2336-43 [PMID:10587338]
  426. Ruuskanen JO, Xhaard H, Marjamäki A, Salaneck E, Salminen T, Yan YL, Postlethwait JH, Johnson MS, Larhammar D and Scheinin M. (2004) Identification of duplicated fourth alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype by cloning and mapping of five receptor genes in zebrafish. Mol Biol Evol 21: 14-28 [PMID:12949138]
  427. Sabio M, Jones K and Topiol S. (2008) Use of the X-ray structure of the beta2-adrenergic receptor for drug discovery. Part 2: Identification of active compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18: 5391-5 [PMID:18829308]
  428. Sadalge A, Coughlin L, Fu H, Wang B, Valladares O, Valentino R and Blendy JA. (2003) alpha 1d Adrenoceptor signaling is required for stimulus induced locomotor activity. Mol Psychiatry 8: 664-72 [PMID:12874602]
  429. Saeed AE, Parmentier JH and Malik KU. (2004) Activation of alpha1A-adrenergic receptor promotes differentiation of rat-1 fibroblasts to a smooth muscle-like phenotype. BMC Cell Biol 5: 47 [PMID:15603588]
  430. Sallinen J, Höglund I, Engström M, Lehtimäki J, Virtanen R, Sirviö J, Wurster S, Savola JM and Haapalinna A. (2007) Pharmacological characterization and CNS effects of a novel highly selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist JP-1302. Br J Pharmacol 150: 391-402 [PMID:17220913]
  431. Salomonsson M, Oker M, Kim S, Zhang H, Faber JE and Arendshorst WJ. (2001) Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes on rat afferent arterioles assessed by radioligand binding and RT-PCR. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281: F172-8 [PMID:11399658]
  432. Santana N, Mengod G and Artigas F. (2013) Expression of α(1)-adrenergic receptors in rat prefrontal cortex: cellular co-localization with 5-HT(2A) receptors. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16: 1139-51 [PMID:23195622]
  433. Sarsero D, Molenaar P and Kaumann AJ. (1998) Validity of (-)-[3H]-CGP 12177A as a radioligand for the 'putative beta4-adrenoceptor' in rat atrium. Br J Pharmacol 123: 371-80 [PMID:9504376]
  434. Sato M, Horinouchi T, Hutchinson DS, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2007) Ligand-directed signaling at the beta3-adrenoceptor produced by 3-(2-Ethylphenoxy)-1-[(1,S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapth-1-ylamino]-2S-2-propanol oxalate (SR59230A) relative to receptor agonists. Mol Pharmacol 72: 1359-68 [PMID:17717109]
  435. Sato M, Hutchinson DS, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2008) The beta3-adrenoceptor agonist 4-[[(Hexylamino)carbonyl]amino]-N-[4-[2-[[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide (L755507) and antagonist (S)-N-[4-[2-[[3-[3-(acetamidomethyl)phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-ethyl]phenyl]benzenesulfonamide (L748337) activate different signaling pathways in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells stably expressing the human beta3-adrenoceptor. Mol Pharmacol 74: 1417-28 [PMID:18684840]
  436. Sato M, Hutchinson DS, Halls ML, Furness SG, Bengtsson T, Evans BA and Summers RJ. (2012) Interaction with caveolin-1 modulates G protein coupling of mouse β3-adrenoceptor. J Biol Chem 287: 20674-88 [PMID:22535965]
  437. Sato T, Baker J, Warne T, Brown GA, Leslie AG, Congreve M and Tate CG. (2015) Pharmacological Analysis and Structure Determination of 7-Methylcyanopindolol-Bound β1-Adrenergic Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 88: 1024-34 [PMID:26385885]
  438. Sato Y, Kurose H, Isogaya M and Nagao T. (1996) Molecular characterization of pharmacological properties of T-0509 for beta-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 315: 363-7 [PMID:8982677]
  439. Saussy Jr DL, Goetz AS, Queen KL, King HK, Lutz MW and Rimele TJ. (1996) Structure activity relationships of a series of buspirone analogs at alpha-1 adrenoceptors: further evidence that rat aorta alpha-1 adrenoceptors are of the alpha-1D-subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278: 136-44 [PMID:8764344]
  440. Schilit S and Benzeroual KE. (2009) Silodosin: a selective alpha1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Ther 31: 2489-502 [PMID:20109995]
  441. Schotte A, Janssen PF, Gommeren W, Luyten WH, Van Gompel P, Lesage AS, De Loore K and Leysen JE. (1996) Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 124: 57-73 [PMID:8935801]
  442. Schwinn DA, Johnston GI, Page SO, Mosley MJ, Wilson KH, Worman NP, Campbell S, Fidock MD, Furness LM and Parry-Smith DJ et al.. (1995) Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: sequence corrections and direct comparison with other species homologues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 272: 134-42 [PMID:7815325]
  443. Schwinn DA, Lomasney JW, Lorenz W, Szklut PJ, Fremeau Jr RT, Yang-Feng TL, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ and Cotecchia S. (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for a novel alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype. J Biol Chem 265: 8183-9 [PMID:1970822]
  444. Schwinn DA and Michelotti GA. (2000) alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the lower urinary tract and vascular bed: potential role for the alpha1d subtype in filling symptoms and effects of ageing on vascular expression. BJU Int 85 Suppl 2: 6-11 [PMID:10781179]
  445. Segura V, Flacco N, Oliver E, Barettino D, D'Ocon P and Ivorra MD. (2010) Alpha1-adrenoceptors in the rat cerebral cortex: new insights into the characterization of alpha1L- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 641: 41-8 [PMID:20511116]
  446. Seifert R, Lee TW, Lam VT and Kobilka BK. (1998) Reconstitution of beta2-adrenoceptor-GTP-binding-protein interaction in Sf9 cells--high coupling efficiency in a beta2-adrenoceptor-G(s alpha) fusion protein. Eur J Biochem 255: 369-82 [PMID:9716378]
  447. Semmler J, Gebert U, Eisenhut T, Moeller J, Schönharting MM, Alléra A and Endres S. (1993) Xanthine derivatives: comparison between suppression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. Immunology 78: 520-5 [PMID:8388363]
  448. Seo B, Choy EW, Maudsley S, Miller WE, Wilson BA and Luttrell LM. (2000) Pasteurella multocida toxin stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase via G(q/11)-dependent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 275: 2239-45 [PMID:10636931]
  449. Severi C, Tattoli I, Romano G, Corleto VD and Delle Fave G. (2004) Beta3-adrenoceptors: relaxant function and mRNA detection in smooth muscle cells isolated from the human colon. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 82: 515-22 [PMID:15389299]
  450. Sharif NA, Xu SX, Crider JY, McLaughlin M and Davis TL. (2001) Levobetaxolol (Betaxon) and other beta-adrenergic antagonists: preclinical pharmacology, IOP-lowering activity and sites of action in human eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 17: 305-17 [PMID:11572462]
  451. Sharpe IA, Thomas L, Loughnan M, Motin L, Palant E, Croker DE, Alewood D, Chen S, Graham RM and Alewood PF et al.. (2003) Allosteric alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonism by the conopeptide rho-TIA. J Biol Chem 278: 34451-7 [PMID:12824165]
  452. Shi T, Duan ZH, Papay R, Pluskota E, Gaivin RJ, de la Motte CA, Plow EF and Perez DM. (2006) Novel alpha1-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways: secreted factors and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Mol Pharmacol 70: 129-42 [PMID:16617165]
  453. Shi T, Gaivin RJ, McCune DF, Gupta M and Perez DM. (2007) Dominance of the alpha1B-adrenergic receptor and its subcellular localization in human and TRAMP prostate cancer cell lines. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 27: 27-45 [PMID:17365508]
  454. Shi T, Moravec CS and Perez DM. (2013) Novel proteins associated with human dilated cardiomyopathy: selective reduction in α1A-adrenergic receptors and increased desensitization proteins. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 33: 96-106 [PMID:23384050]
  455. Shi T, Papay RS and Perez DM. (2012) α(1A)-adrenergic receptor differentially regulates STAT3 phosphorylation through PKCϵ and PKCδ in myocytes. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 32: 76-86 [PMID:22268811]
  456. Shibata K, Foglar R, Horie K, Obika K, Sakamoto A, Ogawa S and Tsujimoto G. (1995) KMD-3213, a novel, potent, alpha 1a-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist: characterization using recombinant human alpha 1-adrenoceptors and native tissues. Mol Pharmacol 48: 250-8 [PMID:7651358]
  457. Shihara N, Yasuda K, Moritani T, Ue H, Adachi T, Tanaka H, Tsuda K and Seino Y. (1999) The association between Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor and autonomic nervous system activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 1623-7 [PMID:10323390]
  458. Sigala S, Peroni A, Mirabella G, Fornari S, Palazzolo F, Pezzotti G, Simeone C, Cunico SC and Spano P. (2004) Alpha1 adrenoceptor subtypes in human urinary bladder: sex and regional comparison. Life Sci 76: 417-27 [PMID:15530504]
  459. Simonneaux V, Ebadi M and Bylund DB. (1991) Identification and characterization of alpha 2D-adrenergic receptors in bovine pineal gland. Mol Pharmacol 40: 235-41 [PMID:1652052]
  460. Skeberdis VA, Jurevicius J and Fischmeister R. (1999) b3-adrenergic regulation of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current in human atrial myocytes. Biophys J 76: A343-A343
  461. Small KM, Schwarb MR, Glinka C, Theiss CT, Brown KM, Seman CA and Liggett SB. (2006) Alpha2A- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors form homo- and heterodimers: the heterodimeric state impairs agonist-promoted GRK phosphorylation and beta-arrestin recruitment. Biochemistry 45: 4760-7 [PMID:16605244]
  462. Snabaitis AK, Yokoyama H and Avkiran M. (2000) Roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase C in alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor-mediated stimulation of the sarcolemmal Na(+)-H(+) exchanger. Circ Res 86: 214-20 [PMID:10666418]
  463. Snitker S, Odeleye OE, Hellmer J, Boschmann M, Monroe MB, Shuldiner AR and Ravussin E. (1997) No effect of the Trp64Arg beta 3-adrenoceptor variant on in vivo lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Diabetologia 40: 838-842 [PMID:9243106]
  464. Soave M, Stoddart LA, Brown A, Woolard J and Hill SJ. (2016) Use of a new proximity assay (NanoBRET) to investigate the ligand-binding characteristics of three fluorescent ligands to the human β1-adrenoceptor expressed in HEK-293 cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 4: e00250 [PMID:27588207]
  465. Soriano-Ursúa MA, McNaught-Flores DA, Nieto-Alamilla G, Segura-Cabrera A, Correa-Basurto J, Arias-Montaño JA and Trujillo-Ferrara JG. (2012) Cell-based and in-silico studies on the high intrinsic activity of two boron-containing salbutamol derivatives at the human β₂-adrenoceptor. Bioorg Med Chem 20: 933-41 [PMID:22182578]
  466. Soriano-Ursúa MA, Valencia-Hernández I, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Correa-Basurto J and Trujillo-Ferrara JG. (2009) Synthesis, pharmacological and in silico evaluation of 1-(4-di-hydroxy-3,5-dioxa-4-borabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-7,9,11-trien-9-yl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, a compound designed to act as a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Med Chem 44: 2840-6 [PMID:19168263]
  467. Spiegl G, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Csík G, Csonka D and Falkay G. (2009) Effects of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus on pharmacologically and electrically elicited myometrial contractility. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 36: 884-91 [PMID:19298542]
  468. Stam WB, Van der Graaf PH and Saxena PR. (1998) Functional characterisation of the pharmacological profile of the putative alpha1B-adrenoceptor antagonist, (+)-cyclazosin. Eur J Pharmacol 361: 79-83 [PMID:9851544]
  469. Stiles GL, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ. (1984) Beta-adrenergic receptors: biochemical mechanisms of physiological regulation. Physiol Rev 64: 661-743 [PMID:6143332]
  470. Strosberg AD. (1997) Structure and function of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 37: 421-50 [PMID:9131260]
  471. Strosberg AD, Gerhardt C, Gros J, Jockers R and Piétri-Rouxel F. (1998) On the putative existence of a fourth α-adrenoceptor: Proof is still missing. Trends Pharmacol Sci 19: 165-166
  472. Su M, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Paknejad N, Dey R, Huang J, Lee MY, Williams D, Jordan KD and Eng ET et al.. (2020) Structural Basis of the Activation of Heterotrimeric Gs-Protein by Isoproterenol-Bound β1-Adrenergic Receptor. Mol Cell 80: 59-71.e4 [PMID:32818430]
  473. Summers RJ. (2008) Atypical pharmacologies at beta-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 155: 285-7 [PMID:18641673]
  474. Susulic VS, Frederich RC, Lawitts J, Tozzo E, Kahn BB, Harper ME, Himms-Hagen J, Flier JS and Lowell BB. (1995) Targeted disruption of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene. J Biol Chem 270: 29483-92 [PMID:7493988]
  475. Suzuki T, Nantel F, Bonin H, Valiquette M and Bouvier M. (1993) Cellular characterization of the pharmacological selectivity and tachyphylactic properties of denopamine for the human beta adrenergic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267: 785-90 [PMID:7902433]
  476. Swaminath G, Lee TW and Kobilka B. (2003) Identification of an allosteric binding site for Zn2+ on the beta2 adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 278: 352-6 [PMID:12409304]
  477. Swaminath G, Steenhuis J, Kobilka B and Lee TW. (2002) Allosteric modulation of beta2-adrenergic receptor by Zn(2+). Mol Pharmacol 61: 65-72 [PMID:11752207]
  478. Szot P, White SS, Greenup JL, Leverenz JB, Peskind ER and Raskind MA. (2005) Alpha1-adrenoreceptor in human hippocampus: binding and receptor subtype mRNA expression. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 139: 367-71 [PMID:16039007]
  479. Szot P, White SS, Greenup JL, Leverenz JB, Peskind ER and Raskind MA. (2007) Changes in adrenoreceptors in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with dementia: evidence of compensatory changes. Neuroscience 146: 471-80 [PMID:17324522]
  480. Szot P, White SS, Greenup JL, Leverenz JB, Peskind ER and Raskind MA. (2006) Compensatory changes in the noradrenergic nervous system in the locus ceruleus and hippocampus of postmortem subjects with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurosci 26: 467-78 [PMID:16407544]
  481. Takahashi K, Hossain M, Ahmed M, Bhuiyan MA, Ohnuki T and Nagatomo T. (2007) Asp125 and Thr130 in transmembrane domain 3 are major sites of alpha1b-adrenergic receptor antagonist binding. Biol Pharm Bull 30: 1891-4 [PMID:17917257]
  482. Takakura K, Taniguchi T, Muramatsu I, Takeuchi K and Fukuda S. (2002) Modification of alpha1 -adrenoceptors by peroxynitrite as a possible mechanism of systemic hypotension in sepsis. Crit Care Med 30: 894-9 [PMID:11940765]
  483. Takasu T, Ukai M, Sato S, Matsui T, Nagase I, Maruyama T, Sasamata M, Miyata K, Uchida H and Yamaguchi O. (2007) Effect of (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4'-{2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl} acetanilide (YM178), a novel selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321: 642-7 [PMID:17293563]
  484. Tan M, Walwyn WM, Evans CJ and Xie CW. (2009) p38 MAPK and beta-arrestin 2 mediate functional interactions between endogenous micro-opioid and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors in neurons. J Biol Chem 284: 6270-81 [PMID:19126537]
  485. Taniguchi N, Hamada K, Ogasawara T, Ukai Y, Yoshikuni Y and Kimura K. (1996) NS-49, an alpha 1A-adrenoceptor agonist, selectively increases intraurethral pressure in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 318: 117-22 [PMID:9007522]
  486. Taniguchi T, Inagaki R, Murata S, Akiba I and Muramatsu I. (1999) Microphysiometric analysis of human alpha1a-adrenoceptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Pharmacol 127: 962-8 [PMID:10433504]
  487. Tanoue A, Koba M, Miyawaki S, Koshimizu TA, Hosoda C, Oshikawa S and Tsujimoto G. (2002) Role of the alpha1D-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension 40: 101-6 [PMID:12105146]
  488. Tanoue A, Nasa Y, Koshimizu T, Shinoura H, Oshikawa S, Kawai T, Sunada S, Takeo S and Tsujimoto G. (2002) The alpha(1D)-adrenergic receptor directly regulates arterial blood pressure via vasoconstriction. J Clin Invest 109: 765-75 [PMID:11901185]
  489. Tate KM, Briend-Sutren MM, Emorine LJ, Delavier-Klutchko C, Marullo S and Strosberg AD. (1991) Expression of three human beta-adrenergic-receptor subtypes in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eur J Biochem 196: 357-61 [PMID:1848818]
  490. Tavernier G, Barbe P, Galitzky J, Berlan M, Caput D, Lafontan M and Langin D. (1996) Expression of beta3-adrenoceptors with low lipolytic action in human subcutaneous white adipocytes. J Lipid Res 37: 87-97 [PMID:8820105]
  491. Tavernier G, Toumaniantz G, Erfanian M, Heymann MF, Laurent K, Langin D and Gauthier C. (2003) beta3-Adrenergic stimulation produces a decrease of cardiac contractility ex vivo in mice overexpressing the human beta3-adrenergic receptor. Cardiovasc Res 59: 288-96 [PMID:12909312]
  492. Tayebati SK, Bronzetti E, Morra Di Cella S, Mulatero P, Ricci A, Rossodivita I, Schena M, Schiavone D, Veglio F and Amenta F. (2000) In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry of alpha1-adrenoceptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Auton Pharmacol 20: 305-12 [PMID:11350496]
  493. Testa R, Guarneri L, Angelico P, Poggesi E, Taddei C, Sironi G, Colombo D, Sulpizio AC, Naselsky DP and Hieble JP et al.. (1997) Pharmacological characterization of the uroselective alpha-1 antagonist Rec 15/2739 (SB 216469): role of the alpha-1L adrenoceptor in tissue selectivity, part II. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281: 1284-93 [PMID:9190864]
  494. Tonolo G, Melis MG, Secchi G, Atzeni MM, Angius MF, Carboni A, Ciccarese M, Malavasi A and Maioli M. (1999) Association of Trp64Arg beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in the Sardinian population. J Hypertens 17: 33-8 [PMID:10100091]
  495. Townsend SA, Jung AS, Hoe YS, Lefkowitz RY, Khan SA, Lemmon CA, Harrison RW, Lee K, Barouch LA and Cotecchia S et al.. (2004) Critical role for the alpha-1B adrenergic receptor at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction. Hypertension 44: 776-82 [PMID:15466664]
  496. Trochu JN, Leblais V, Rautureau Y, Bévérelli F, Le Marec H, Berdeaux A and Gauthier C. (1999) Beta 3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces vasorelaxation mediated essentially by endothelium-derived nitric oxide in rat thoracic aorta. Br J Pharmacol 128: 69-76 [PMID:10498836]
  497. Tsuchihashi H, Nakashima Y, Kinami J and Nagatomo T. (1990) Characteristics of 125I-iodocyanopindolol binding to beta-adrenergic and serotonin-1B receptors of rat brain: selectivity of beta-adrenergic agents. Jpn J Pharmacol 52: 195-200 [PMID:1968985]
  498. Turki J, Lorenz JN, Green SA, Donnelly ET, Jacinto M and Liggett SB. (1996) Myocardial signaling defects and impaired cardiac function of a human beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism expressed in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 10483-8 [PMID:8816827]
  499. Turki J, Pak J, Green SA, Martin RJ and Liggett SB. (1995) Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and nonnocturnal asthma. Evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype. J Clin Invest 95: 1635-41 [PMID:7706471]
  500. Uberti MA, Hague C, Oller H, Minneman KP and Hall RA. (2005) Heterodimerization with beta2-adrenergic receptors promotes surface expression and functional activity of alpha1D-adrenergic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 313: 16-23 [PMID:15615865]
  501. Uberti MA, Hall RA and Minneman KP. (2003) Subtype-specific dimerization of alpha 1-adrenoceptors: effects on receptor expression and pharmacological properties. Mol Pharmacol 64: 1379-90 [PMID:14645668]
  502. Uehling DE, Shearer BG, Donaldson KH, Chao EY, Deaton DN, Adkison KK, Brown KK, Cariello NF, Faison WL and Lancaster ME et al.. (2006) Biarylaniline phenethanolamines as potent and selective beta3 adrenergic receptor agonists. J Med Chem 49: 2758-71 [PMID:16640337]
  503. Uhlén S, Porter AC and Neubig RR. (1994) The novel alpha-2 adrenergic radioligand [3H]-MK912 is alpha-2C selective among human alpha-2A, alpha-2B and alpha-2C adrenoceptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271: 1558-65 [PMID:7996470]
  504. Umekawa T, Yoshida T, Sakane N, Kogure A, Kondo M and Honjyo H. (1999) Trp64Arg mutation of beta3-adrenoceptor gene deteriorates lipolysis induced by beta3-adrenoceptor agonist in human omental adipocytes. Diabetes 48: 117-20 [PMID:9892231]
  505. van Wieringen JP, Michel-Reher MB, Hatanaka T, Ueshima K and Michel MC. (2013) The new radioligand [(3)H]-L 748,337 differentially labels human and rat β3-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 720: 124-30 [PMID:24183974]
  506. Varghese P, Harrison RW, Lofthouse RA, Georgakopoulos D, Berkowitz DE and Hare JM. (2000) beta(3)-adrenoceptor deficiency blocks nitric oxide-dependent inhibition of myocardial contractility. J Clin Invest 106: 697-703 [PMID:10974023]
  507. Vilardaga JP, Nikolaev VO, Lorenz K, Ferrandon S, Zhuang Z and Lohse MJ. (2008) Conformational cross-talk between alpha2A-adrenergic and mu-opioid receptors controls cell signaling. Nat Chem Biol 4: 126-31 [PMID:18193048]
  508. Villégier AS, Drouin C, Bizot JC, Marien M, Glowinski J, Colpaërt F and Tassin JP. (2003) Stimulation of postsynaptic alpha1b- and alpha2-adrenergic receptors amplifies dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in both rats and mice. Synapse 50: 277-84 [PMID:14556232]
  509. Vinci MC, Bellik L, Filippi S, Ledda F and Parenti A. (2007) Trophic effects induced by alpha1D-adrenoceptors on endothelial cells are potentiated by hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2140-7 [PMID:17660397]
  510. Wacker D, Fenalti G, Brown MA, Katritch V, Abagyan R, Cherezov V and Stevens RC. (2010) Conserved binding mode of human beta2 adrenergic receptor inverse agonists and antagonist revealed by X-ray crystallography. J Am Chem Soc 132: 11443-5 [PMID:20669948]
  511. Walden PD, Gerardi C and Lepor H. (1999) Localization and expression of the alpha1A-1, alpha1B and alpha1D-adrenoceptors in hyperplastic and non-hyperplastic human prostate. J Urol 161: 635-40 [PMID:9915474]
  512. Walston J, Silver K, Bogardus C, Knowler WC, Celi FS, Austin S, Manning B, Strosberg AD, Stern MP, Raben N and et al.. (1995) Time of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene. N Engl J Med 333: 343-347 [PMID:7609750]
  513. Wang SY, Song Y, Xu M, He QH, Han QD and Zhang YY. (2007) Internalization and distribution of three alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in HEK293A cells before and after agonist stimulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 28: 359-66 [PMID:17302998]
  514. Warne T, Moukhametzianov R, Baker JG, Nehmé R, Edwards PC, Leslie AG, Schertler GF and Tate CG. (2011) The structural basis for agonist and partial agonist action on a β(1)-adrenergic receptor. Nature 469: 241-4 [PMID:21228877]
  515. Warne T, Serrano-Vega MJ, Baker JG, Moukhametzianov R, Edwards PC, Henderson R, Leslie AG, Tate CG and Schertler GF. (2008) Structure of a beta1-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature 454: 486-91 [PMID:18594507]
  516. Waugh DJ, Gaivin RJ, Damron DS, Murray PA and Perez DM. (1999) Binding, partial agonism, and potentiation of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor function by benzodiazepines: A potential site of allosteric modulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291: 1164-71 [PMID:10565838]
  517. Waugh DJ, Gaivin RJ, Zuscik MJ, Gonzalez-Cabrera P, Ross SA, Yun J and Perez DM. (2001) Phe-308 and Phe-312 in transmembrane domain 7 are major sites of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist binding. Imidazoline agonists bind like antagonists. J Biol Chem 276: 25366-71 [PMID:11331292]
  518. Weber AE, Ok HO, Alvaro RF, Candelore MR, Cascieri MA, Chiu SH, Deng L, Forrest MJ, Hom GJ and Hutchins JE et al.. (1998) 3-Pyridyloxypropanolamine agonists of the beta 3 adrenergic receptor with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8: 2111-6 [PMID:9873496]
  519. Weinshank RL, Adham N, Macchi M, Olsen MA, Branchek TA and Hartig PR. (1991) Molecular cloning and characterization of a high affinity dopamine receptor (D1 beta) and its pseudogene. J Biol Chem 266: 22427-35 [PMID:1834671]
  520. Weinshank RL, Zgombick JM, Macchi M, Adham N, Lichtblau H, Branchek TA and Hartig PR. (1990) Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of a human alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 38: 681-8 [PMID:2172775]
  521. Weis WI and Kobilka BK. (2018) The Molecular Basis of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation. Annu Rev Biochem 87: 897-919 [PMID:29925258]
  522. Wenzel-Seifert K, Liu HY and Seifert R. (2002) Similarities and differences in the coupling of human beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors to Gs(alpha) splice variants. Biochem Pharmacol 64: 9-20 [PMID:12106601]
  523. Wetzel JM, Miao SW, Forray C, Borden LA, Branchek TA and Gluchowski C. (1995) Discovery of alpha 1a-adrenergic receptor antagonists based on the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist niguldipine. J Med Chem 38: 1579-81 [PMID:7752182]
  524. Williams LM, He X, Vaid TM, Abdul-Ridha A, Whitehead AR, Gooley PR, Bathgate RAD, Williams SJ and Scott DJ. (2019) Diazepam is not a direct allosteric modulator of α1-adrenoceptors, but modulates receptor signaling by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4. Pharmacol Res Perspect 7: e00455 [PMID:30619611]
  525. Williams TJ, Blue DR, Daniels DV, Davis B, Elworthy T, Gever JR, Kava MS, Morgans D, Padilla F and Tassa S et al.. (1999) In vitro alpha1-adrenoceptor pharmacology of Ro 70-0004 and RS-100329, novel alpha1A-adrenoceptor selective antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 127: 252-8 [PMID:10369480]
  526. Wilson AL, Seibert K, Brandon S, Cragoe Jr EJ and Limbird LE. (1991) Monovalent cation and amiloride analog modulation of adrenergic ligand binding to the unglycosylated alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor subtype. Mol Pharmacol 39: 481-6 [PMID:1850091]
  527. Wilson AL, Womble SW, Prakash C, Cragoe Jr EJ, Blair IA and Limbird LE. (1992) Novel amiloride analog allosterically modulates the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor but does not inhibit Na+/H+ exchange. Mol Pharmacol 42: 175-9 [PMID:1325028]
  528. Wiysonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J, Mayosi BM and Opie LH. (2017) Beta-blockers for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1: CD002003 [PMID:28107561]
  529. Wright CD, Chen Q, Baye NL, Huang Y, Healy CL, Kasinathan S and O'Connell TD. (2008) Nuclear alpha1-adrenergic receptors signal activated ERK localization to caveolae in adult cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 103: 992-1000 [PMID:18802028]
  530. Wright CD, Wu SC, Dahl EF, Sazama AJ and O'Connell TD. (2012) Nuclear localization drives α1-adrenergic receptor oligomerization and signaling in cardiac myocytes. Cell Signal 24: 794-802 [PMID:22120526]
  531. Wrzal PK, Devost D, Pétrin D, Goupil E, Iorio-Morin C, Laporte SA, Zingg HH and Hébert TE. (2012) Allosteric interactions between the oxytocin receptor and the β2-adrenergic receptor in the modulation of ERK1/2 activation are mediated by heterodimerization. Cell Signal 24: 342-50 [PMID:21963428]
  532. Wrzal PK, Goupil E, Laporte SA, Hébert TE and Zingg HH. (2012) Functional interactions between the oxytocin receptor and the β2-adrenergic receptor: implications for ERK1/2 activation in human myometrial cells. Cell Signal 24: 333-41 [PMID:21964067]
  533. Xie HG, Kim RB, Stein CM, Gainer JV, Brown NJ and Wood AJ. (1999) Alpha1A-adrenergic receptor polymorphism: association with ethnicity but not essential hypertension. Pharmacogenetics 9: 651-6 [PMID:10591546]
  534. Xu J, He J, Castleberry AM, Balasubramanian S, Lau AG and Hall RA. (2003) Heterodimerization of alpha 2A- and beta 1-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 278: 10770-7 [PMID:12529373]
  535. Yan M, Sun J, Bird PI, Liu DL, Grigg M and Lim YL. (2001) Alpha1A- and alpha1B-adrenoceptors are the major subtypes in human saphenous vein. Life Sci 68: 1191-8 [PMID:11228103]
  536. Yanagisawa T, Sato T, Yamada H, Sukegawa J and Nunoki K. (2000) Selectivity and potency of agonists for the three subtypes of cloned human beta-adrenoceptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Tohoku J Exp Med 192: 181-93 [PMID:11249148]
  537. Yanase H, Wang X, Momota Y, Nimura T and Kawatani M. (2008) The involvement of urothelial alpha1A adrenergic receptor in controlling the micturition reflex. Biomed Res 29: 239-44 [PMID:18997438]
  538. Yang J, Dolinger M, Ritaccio G, Mazurkiewicz J, Conti D, Zhu X and Huang Y. (2012) Leucine stimulates insulin secretion via down-regulation of surface expression of adrenergic α2A receptor through the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway: implication in new-onset diabetes in renal transplantation. J Biol Chem 287: 24795-806 [PMID:22645144]
  539. Yatani A, Tajima Y and Green SA. (1999) Coupling of beta-adrenergic receptors to cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels: preferential coupling of the beta1 versus beta2 receptor subtype and evidence for PKA-independent activation of the channel. Cell Signal 11: 337-42 [PMID:10376806]
  540. Yoshio R, Taniguchi T, Itoh H and Muramatsu I. (2001) Affinity of serotonin receptor antagonists and agonists to recombinant and native alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Jpn J Pharmacol 86: 189-95 [PMID:11459121]
  541. Young P, Berge J, Chapman H and Cawthorne MA. (1989) Novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists show selectivity for alpha 2A- and alpha 2B-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 168: 381-6 [PMID:2573535]
  542. Yuan D, Liu Z, Kaindl J, Maeda S, Zhao J, Sun X, Xu J, Gmeiner P, Wang HW and Kobilka BK. (2020) Activation of the α2B adrenoceptor by the sedative sympatholytic dexmedetomidine. Nat Chem Biol 16: 507-512 [PMID:32152538]
  543. Yun J, Gaivin RJ, McCune DF, Boongird A, Papay RS, Ying Z, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Najm I and Perez DM. (2003) Gene expression profile of neurodegeneration induced by alpha1B-adrenergic receptor overactivity: NMDA/GABAA dysregulation and apoptosis. Brain 126: 2667-81 [PMID:12937073]
  544. Yun J, Zuscik MJ, Gonzalez-Cabrera P, McCune DF, Ross SA, Gaivin R, Piascik MT and Perez DM. (2003) Gene expression profiling of alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor-induced cardiac hypertrophy by oligonucleotide arrays. Cardiovasc Res 57: 443-55 [PMID:12566117]
  545. Zacharia J, Hillier C, Tanoue A, Tsujimoto G, Daly CJ, McGrath JC and MacDonald A. (2005) Evidence for involvement of alpha1D-adrenoceptors in contraction of femoral resistance arteries using knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol 146: 942-51 [PMID:16170328]
  546. Zeng DW, Harrison JK, D'Angelo DD, Barber CM, Tucker AL, Lu ZH and Lynch KR. (1990) Molecular characterization of a rat alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 3102-6 [PMID:2158103]
  547. Zhang H, Cotecchia S, Thomas SA, Tanoue A, Tsujimoto G and Faber JE. (2004) Gene deletion of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and alpha1-adrenoceptors demonstrates involvement of catecholamines in vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H2106-14 [PMID:15231500]
  548. Zhang H and Faber JE. (2001) Trophic effect of norepinephrine on arterial intima-media and adventitia is augmented by injury and mediated by different alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Circ Res 89: 815-22 [PMID:11679412]
  549. Zhang Q and Tan Y. (2011) Nerve growth factor augments neuronal responsiveness to noradrenaline in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Neuroscience 193: 72-9 [PMID:21784134]
  550. Zhang Y, Kolli T, Hivley R, Jaber L, Zhao FI, Yan J and Herness S. (2010) Characterization of the expression pattern of adrenergic receptors in rat taste buds. Neuroscience 169: 1421-37 [PMID:20478367]
  551. Zhang Y, Wat N, Stratton IM, Warren-Perry MG, Orho M, Groop L and Turner RC. (1996) UKPDS 19: heterogeneity in NIDDM: separate contributions of IRS-1 and beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mutations to insulin resistance and obesity respectively with no evidence for glycogen synthase gene mutations. UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 39: 1505-11 [PMID:8960833]
  552. Zhao MM, Hwa J and Perez DM. (1996) Identification of critical extracellular loop residues involved in alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype-selective antagonist binding. Mol Pharmacol 50: 1118-26 [PMID:8913343]
  553. Zhao X, Park J, Ho D, Gao S, Yan L, Ge H, Iismaa S, Lin L, Tian B and Vatner DE et al.. (2012) Cardiomyocyte overexpression of the α1A-adrenergic receptor in the rat phenocopies second but not first window preconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302: H1614-24 [PMID:22307672]
  554. Zhou SG, Lu JL and Hui JH. (2011) Comparing efficacy of α1D-receptor antagonist naftopidil and α1A/D-receptor antagonist tamsulosin in management of distal ureteral stones. World J Urol 29: 767-71 [PMID:21845472]
  555. Zhu WZ, Chakir K, Zhang S, Yang D, Lavoie C, Bouvier M, Hébert TE, Lakatta EG, Cheng H and Xiao RP. (2005) Heterodimerization of beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptor subtypes optimizes beta-adrenergic modulation of cardiac contractility. Circ Res 97: 244-51 [PMID:16002745]
  556. Zilberfarb V, Piétri-Rouxel F, Jockers R, Krief S, Delouis C, Issad T and Strosberg AD. (1997) Human immortalized brown adipocytes express functional beta3-adrenoceptor coupled to lipolysis. J Cell Sci 110 ( Pt 7): 801-7 [PMID:9133667]
  557. Zuscik MJ, Chalothorn D, Hellard D, Deighan C, McGee A, Daly CJ, Waugh DJ, Ross SA, Gaivin RJ and Morehead AJ et al.. (2001) Hypotension, autonomic failure, and cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice overexpressing the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 276: 13738-43 [PMID:11278430]
  558. Zuscik MJ, Sands S, Ross SA, Waugh DJ, Gaivin RJ, Morilak D and Perez DM. (2000) Overexpression of the alpha1B-adrenergic receptor causes apoptotic neurodegeneration: multiple system atrophy. Nat Med 6: 1388-94 [PMID:11100125]