IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE
https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F767/2019.4
Ceramide turnover (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Anthony H. Futerman1
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Abstract
Ceramides are a family of sphingophospholipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, which mediate cell stress responses, including apoptosis, autophagy and senescence, Serine palmitoyltransferase generates 3-ketosphinganine, which is reduced to sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine). N-Acylation allows the formation of dihydroceramides, which are subsequently reduced to form ceramides. Once synthesized, ceramides are trafficked from the ER to the Golgi bound to the ceramide transfer protein, CERT (COL4A3BP, Q9Y5P4). Ceramide can be metabolized via multiple routes, ensuring tight regulation of its cellular levels. Addition of phosphocholine generates sphingomyelin while carbohydrate is added to form glucosyl- or galactosylceramides. Ceramidase re-forms sphingosine or sphinganine from ceramide or dihydroceramide. Phosphorylation of ceramide generates ceramide phosphate. The determination of accurate kinetic parameters for many of the enzymes in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway is complicated by the lipophilic nature of the substrates.
Contents
This is a citation summary for Ceramide turnover in the
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Database links
Ceramide turnover
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=767
Serine palmitoyltransferase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=788
Enzymes
SPT1(serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2509
SPT2(serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2510
SPT3(serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2511
SPTSSA(serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit A)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2512
SPTSSB(serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit B)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2513
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=791
Enzymes
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2463
Ceramide synthase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=789
Enzymes
CERS1(ceramide synthase 1)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2474
CERS2(ceramide synthase 2)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2475
CERS3(ceramide synthase 3)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2476
CERS4(ceramide synthase 4)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2477
CERS5(ceramide synthase 5)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2478
CERS6(ceramide synthase 6)
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2479
Sphingolipid Δ4-desaturase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=790
Enzymes
delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2484
delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 2
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2485
Sphingomyelin synthase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=774
Enzymes
sphingomyelin synthase 1
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2520
sphingomyelin synthase 2
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2521
sterile alpha motif domain containing 8
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2525
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=773
Enzymes
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2514
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2515
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2516
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2517
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3A
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2518
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2519
Neutral sphingomyelinase coupling factors
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=772
Enzymes
embryonic ectoderm development
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2487
neutral sphingomyelinase activation associated factor
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2495
Ceramide glucosyltransferase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=775
Enzymes
UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2528
Acid ceramidase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=769
Enzymes
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2491
Neutral ceramidases
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=770
Enzymes
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2492
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2B
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2493
Alkaline ceramidases
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=768
Enzymes
alkaline ceramidase 1
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2468
alkaline ceramidase 2
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2469
alkaline ceramidase 3
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2470
Ceramide kinase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=771
Enzymes
ceramide kinase
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2473
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