IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE
https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F50/2023.1

Opioid receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1



Anna Borsodi1, Michael Bruchas2, Girolamo Caló3, Charles Chavkin4, MacDonald J. Christie5, Olivier Civelli6, Mark Connor7, Brian M. Cox8, Lakshmi A. Devi9, Christopher Evans10, Volker Höllt11, Graeme Henderson12, Stephen Husbands13, Eamonn Kelly12, Brigitte Kieffer14, Ian Kitchen15, Mary-Jeanne Kreek16, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen17, Davide Malfacini3, Dominique Massot14, Jean-Claude Meunier18, Philip S. Portoghese19, Stefan Schulz20, Toni S. Shippenberg21, Eric J. Simon22, Lawrence Toll23, John R. Traynor24, Hiroshi Ueda25, Yung H. Wong26, Nurulain Zaveri27 and Andreas Zimmer28
  1. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences, Hungary
  2. Washington University, USA
  3. University of Padova, Italy
  4. University of Washington Sch Med, USA
  5. University of Sydney, Australia
  6. University of California, Irvine, USA
  7. Macquarie University, Australia
  8. Uniformed Services University, USA
  9. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA
  10. University of California Los Angeles, USA
  11. Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
  12. University of Bristol, UK
  13. University of Bath, UK
  14. Université de Strasbourg, France
  15. University of Surrey, UK
  16. Rockefeller University, USA
  17. Temple University, USA
  18. Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, France
  19. University of Minnesota, USA
  20. Friedrich Schiller University, Germany
  21. National Institutes of Health, USA
  22. New York University, USA
  23. Florida Atlantic University, USA
  24. University of Michigan, USA
  25. Nagasaki Univ Grad Biomed Sci, Japan
  26. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
  27. Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, USA
  28. University of Bonn, Germany


Abstract

Opioid and opioid-like receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous peptides including [Met]enkephalin (met), [Leu]enkephalin (leu), β-endorphin (β-end), α-neodynorphin, dynorphin A (dynA), dynorphin B (dynB), big dynorphin (Big dyn), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ); endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are also potential endogenous peptides. The Greek letter nomenclature for the opioid receptors, μ, δ and κ, is well established, and NC-IUPHAR considers this nomenclature appropriate, along with the symbols spelled out (mu, delta, and kappa), and the acronyms, MOP, DOP, and KOP [124, 101, 92]. However the acronyms MOR, DOR and KOR are still widely used in the literature. The human N/OFQ receptor, NOP, is considered 'opioid-related' rather than opioid because, while it exhibits a high degree of structural homology with the conventional opioid receptors [304], it displays a distinct pharmacology. Currently there are numerous clinically used drugs, such as morphine and many other opioid analgesics, as well as antagonists such as naloxone. The majority of clinically used opiates are relatively selective μ agonists or partial agonists, though there are some μ/κ compounds, such as butorphanol, in clinical use. κ opioid agonists, such as the alkaloid nalfurafine and the peripherally acting peptide difelikefalin, are in clinical use for itch.

Contents

This is a citation summary for Opioid receptors in the Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb). It exists purely as an adjunct to the database to facilitate the recognition of citations to and from the database by citation analyzers. Readers will almost certainly want to visit the relevant sections of the database which are given here under database links.

GtoPdb is an expert-driven guide to pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. GtoPdb is a reference work which is most usefully represented as an on-line database. As in any publication this work should be appropriately cited, and the papers it cites should also be recognized. This document provides a citation for the relevant parts of the database, and also provides a reference list for the research cited by those parts. For further details see [44].

Please note that the database version for the citations given in GtoPdb are to the most recent preceding version in which the family or its subfamilies and targets were substantially changed. The links below are to the current version. If you need to consult the cited version, rather than the most recent version, please contact the GtoPdb curators.

Database links

Opioid receptors
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=50
Introduction to Opioid receptors
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=50
    Receptors
            δ receptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=317
            κ receptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=318
            μ receptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=319
            NOP receptor
            https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=320

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