IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE
https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F14/2023.1

Chemokine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Francoise Bachelerie¹, Adit Ben-Baruch², Amanda M. Burkhardt³, Israel F. Charo⁴, Christophe Combadiere⁵, Reinhold Förster⁶, Joshua M. Farber⁷, Gerard J. Graham⁸, Rebecca Hills⁹, Richard Horuk¹⁰, Massimo Locati¹¹, Andrew D. Luster¹², Alberto Mantovani¹¹, Kouji Matsushima¹³, Amy E. Monaghan⁹, Georgios L. Moschovakis⁶, Philip M. Murphy¹⁴, Robert J. B. Nibbs⁸, Hisayuki Nomiyama¹⁵, Joost J. Oppenheim¹⁶, Christine A. Power¹⁷, Amanda E. I. Proudfoot ¹⁷, Mette M. Rosenkilde¹⁸, Antal Rot¹⁹, Silvano Sozzani²⁰, Alexander H. Sparre-Ulrich²¹, Marcus Thelen²², Mohib Uddin²³, Osamu Yoshie²⁴ and Albert Zlotnik²⁵

Institut Pasteur, France
Tel Aviv University, Israel
University of California, Irvine, USA
Gladstone Institutes, USA
INSERM, France
Hannover Medical School, Germany
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA
University of Glasgow, UK
University of Edinburgh, UK
Berlex Laboratories, USA
University of Milan, Italy
Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
University of Tokyo, Japan
National Institutes of Health, USA
Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, USA
Merck Serono Geneva Research Center, Switzerland
Panum Instituttet, Denmark
University of Birmingham, UK
University of Brescia, Italy
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Switzerland
AstraZeneca, Sweden
Kinki University, Japan
University of California Irvine, USA

Abstract

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors [438, 437, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, a large family of small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified for many chemokines in the areas of embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation and death, viral infection, and as antibacterials, among others. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, and "Atypical chemokine receptors", which may signal through non-G protein-coupled mechanisms and act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients [32].

Chemokines in turn can be divided by structure into four subclasses by the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines. CC (also known as β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC (also known as α-chemokines; n= 17) and CX3C (n= 1) chemokines all have four conserved cysteines, with zero, one and three amino acids separating the first two cysteines respectively. C chemokines (n= 2) have only the second and fourth cysteines found in other chemokines. Chemokines can also be classified by function into homeostatic and inflammatory subgroups. Most chemokine receptors are able to bind multiple high-affinity chemokine ligands, but the ligands for a given receptor are almost always restricted to the same structural subclass. Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor subtype. Receptors for inflammatory chemokines are typically highly promiscuous with regard to ligand specificity, and may lack a selective endogenous ligand. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound, whereas ACKR is the root acronym for atypical chemokine receptors [33]. There can be substantial cross-species differences in the sequences of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, and in the pharmacology and biology of chemokine receptors. Endogenous and microbial non-chemokine ligands have also been identified for chemokine receptors. Many chemokine receptors function as HIV co-receptors, but CCR5 is the only one demonstrated to play an essential role in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include both standard chemokine receptor names [693] and aliases.

This is a citation summary for Chemokine receptors in the Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb). It exists purely as an adjunct to the database to facilitate the recognition of citations to and from the database by citation analyzers. Readers will almost certainly want to visit the relevant sections of the database which are given here under database links.

GtoPdb is an expert-driven guide to pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. GtoPdb is a reference work which is most usefully represented as an on-line database. As in any publication this work should be appropriately cited, and the papers it cites should also be recognized. This document provides a citation for the relevant parts of the database, and also provides a reference list for the research cited by those parts. For further details see [92].

Please note that the database version for the citations given in GtoPdb are to the most recent preceding version in which the family or its subfamilies and targets were substantially changed. The links below are to the current version. If you need to consult the cited version, rather than the most recent version, please contact the GtoPdb curators.

Database links

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Chemokine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Abstract

Contents

Database links

References