IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE
https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F14/2019.4

Chemokine receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database



Francoise Bachelerie1, Adit Ben-Baruch2, Israel F. Charo3, Christophe Combadiere4, Reinhold Förster5, Joshua M. Farber6, Gerard J. Graham7, Rebecca Hills8, Richard Horuk9, Massimo Locati10, Andrew D. Luster11, Alberto Mantovani10, Kouji Matsushima12, Amy E. Monaghan8, Georgios L. Moschovakis5, Philip M. Murphy13, Robert J. B. Nibbs7, Hisayuki Nomiyama14, Joost J. Oppenheim15, Christine A. Power16, Amanda E. I. Proudfoot 16, Mette M. Rosenkilde17, Antal Rot18, Silvano Sozzani19, Marcus Thelen20, Osamu Yoshie21 and Albert Zlotnik22
  1. Institut Pasteur, France
  2. Tel Aviv University, Israel
  3. Gladstone Institutes, USA
  4. INSERM, France
  5. Hannover Medical School, Germany
  6. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA
  7. University of Glasgow, UK
  8. University of Edinburgh, UK
  9. Berlex Laboratories, USA
  10. University of Milan, Italy
  11. Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
  12. University of Tokyo, Japan
  13. National Institutes of Health, USA
  14. Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
  15. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, USA
  16. Merck Serono Geneva Research Center, Switzerland
  17. Panum Instituttet, Denmark
  18. University of Birmingham, UK
  19. University of Brescia, Italy
  20. Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Switzerland
  21. Kinki University, Japan
  22. University of California Irvine, USA


Abstract

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors [417, 416, 31]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, a large family of small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified for many chemokines in the areas of embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation and death, viral infection, and as antibiotics, among others. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, and "Atypical chemokine receptors", which may signal through non-G protein-coupled mechanisms and act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients [31].

Chemokines in turn can be divided by structure into four subclasses by the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines. CC (also known as β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC (also known as α-chemokines; n= 17) and CX3C (n= 1) chemokines all have four conserved cysteines, with zero, one and three amino acids separating the first two cysteines respectively. C chemokines (n= 2) have only the second and fourth cysteines found in other chemokines. Chemokines can also be classified by function into homeostatic and inflammatory subgroups. Most chemokine receptors are able to bind multiple high-affinity chemokine ligands, but the ligands for a given receptor are almost always restricted to the same structural subclass. Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor subtype. Receptors for inflammatory chemokines are typically highly promiscuous with regard to ligand specificity, and may lack a selective endogenous ligand. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound, whereas ACKR is the root acronym for atypical chemokine receptors [32]. There can be substantial cross-species differences in the sequences of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, and in the pharmacology and biology of chemokine receptors. Endogenous and microbial non-chemokine ligands have also been identified for chemokine receptors. Many chemokine receptors function as HIV co-receptors, but CCR5 is the only one demonstrated to play an essential role in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include both standard chemokine receptor names [657] and aliases.

Contents

This is a citation summary for Chemokine receptors in the Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb). It exists purely as an adjunct to the database to facilitate the recognition of citations to and from the database by citation analyzers. Readers will almost certainly want to visit the relevant sections of the database which are given here under database links.

GtoPdb is an expert-driven guide to pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. GtoPdb is a reference work which is most usefully represented as an on-line database. As in any publication this work should be appropriately cited, and the papers it cites should also be recognized. This document provides a citation for the relevant parts of the database, and also provides a reference list for the research cited by those parts.

Please note that the database version for the citations given in GtoPdb are to the most recent preceding version in which the family or its subfamilies and targets were substantially changed. The links below are to the current version. If you need to consult the cited version, rather than the most recent version, please contact the GtoPdb curators.

Database links

Chemokine receptors
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=14
Introduction to Chemokine receptors
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=14
    Receptors
            CCR1
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=58
            CCR2
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=59
            CCR3
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=60
            CCR4
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=61
            CCR5
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=62
            CCR6
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=63
            CCR7
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=64
            CCR8
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=65
            CCR9
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=66
            CCR10
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=67
            CXCR1
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=68
            CXCR2
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=69
            CXCR3
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=70
            CXCR4
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=71
            CXCR5
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=72
            CXCR6
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=73
            CX3CR1
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=74
            XCR1
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=75
            ACKR1
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=316
            ACKR2
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=314
            ACKR3
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=80
            ACKR4
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=315
            CCRL2
            http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=78

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